Subject: [ RadSafe ] gamma induced neutrons
Robert J. Gunter
rjgunter at chpconsultants.com
Wed Oct 11 15:14:40 CDT 2006
Try:
Health Physics of Radiation-Generating Machines Proceedings of the 20th Midyear Topical meeting of the Health Physics Society, Reno NV, Feb. 1987.
DOE's "Health Physics Manual of Good Practices for Accelerator Facilities" document no. SLAC-327. It was published in 1988 and has a section on instruments and measurements for accelerators (pp. 47-60) Dave Simpson Bloomsburg University
I used both of these to get a grip on accelerator HP for the HP exam way back when. Very informative and good study material. Check the NCRP too.
Yours,
Rob
Robert J. Gunter, CHP
CHP Consultants
Oak Ridge, TN
Ph: (865) 387-0028
Fax: (865) 483-7189
rjgunter at chpconsultants.com
Products and Services at:
www.chpconsultants.com
-----Original Message-----
From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl [mailto:radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl] On Behalf Of radsafe-request at radlab.nl
Sent: Wednesday, October 11, 2006 3:43 PM
To: radsafe at radlab.nl
Subject: radsafe Digest, Vol 64, Issue 3
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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Explosions vs weapons (jjcohen at prodigy.net)
2. RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
(Dukelow, James S Jr)
3. Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
(BLHamrick at aol.com)
4. Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
(JGinniver at aol.com)
5. RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
(Dukelow, James S Jr)
6. Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
(BLHamrick at aol.com)
7. RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers (Jaro)
8. 2007 WNU Summer Institute (Dan W McCarn)
9. RSO position at The Mount Sinai Medical Center,NY (Victor Gore)
10. gamma induced neutrons (Mccormick, Luke I)
11. gamma induced neutrons (JPreisig at aol.com)
12. Re: NRC Says Indian Point, Other Radioactive Leaks Led to
Mistrust (stewart farber)
13. AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point, Other Radioactive
Leaks Led to Mistrust (Rainer.Facius at dlr.de)
14. Re: "x-ray machines"/radiation therapy
devices/photons/electrons & potential isotope proiduction
(stewart farber)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 10:21:22 -0700
From: <jjcohen at prodigy.net>
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] Explosions vs weapons
To: "Muckerheide, Jim \(CDA\)" <Jim.Muckerheide at state.ma.us>, "Maury
Siskel" <maurysis at ev1.net>, "radsafe" <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Message-ID: <000901c6ebc7$591f98a0$9ce1e245 at domainnotset.invalid>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
In the case of the NK explosive, I wonder if criticality was involved??
Maybe it was just an explosion of stuff consisting of atoms with nuclei. If
so, all explosions are nuclear. To the technologically ignorant news media,
this might seem reasonable.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Muckerheide, Jim (CDA)" <Jim.Muckerheide at state.ma.us>
To: "Maury Siskel" <maurysis at ev1.net>; "radsafe" <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 9:00 AM
Subject: RE: [ RadSafe ] Explosions vs weapons
Right Maury. It should probably say "nuclear device."
Regards, Jim
-----Original Message-----
From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl on behalf of Maury Siskel
Sent: Mon 10/9/2006 5:00 AM
To: radsafe
Cc:
Subject: [ RadSafe ] Explosions vs weapons
I believe it is a noteworthy distortion by a number of news sources
about the NK nuclear "weapon" test. The text of the statement by N.
Korea only references a nuclear test -- there is no suggestion that it
was a nuclear weapon. At least in my own opinion, I doubt that they have
a nuclear weapon yet. They will have, but there is a big difference
between a nuclear explosion and exploding a nuclear weapon.
Cheers,
Maury&Dog
=====================
http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/10/08/D8KKS9J00.html
The text of the announcement by the country's official Korean Central
News Agency follows. The formal name for North Korea is the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea or DPRK and KPA refers to the Korean People's
Army:
___
"The field of scientific research in the DPRK successfully conducted an
underground nuclear test under secure conditions on October 9, at a
stirring time when all the people of the country are making a great leap
forward in the building of a great, prosperous, powerful socialist nation.
"It has been confirmed that there was no such danger as radioactive
emission in the course of the nuclear test as it was carried out under
scientific consideration and careful calculation.
"The nuclear test was conducted with indigenous wisdom and technology
100 percent. It marks a historic event as it greatly encouraged and
pleased the KPA and people that have wished to have powerful self-
reliant defense capability.
"It will contribute to defending the peace and stability on the Korean
Peninsula and in the area around it."
_______________________________________________
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http://radlab.nl/radsafe/
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 11:58:04 -0700
From: "Dukelow, James S Jr" <jim.dukelow at pnl.gov>
Subject: RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: "Steven Dapra" <sjd at swcp.com>, <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Message-ID: <C4BF0852F93C9E40AFD9338575B8965830397F at EMAIL01.pnl.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Steven Dapra wrote:
-----Original Message-----
From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl on behalf of Steven Dapra
Sent: Sun 10/8/2006 5:38 PM
To: radsafe at radlab.nl
Subject: Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
Oct. 8
Now that I've stopped laughing . . . .
This meltdown appears to have actually happened. The uproar about health
effects is being guided by the usual claque of anti-nukers. We have this
Santa Susanna Field Laboratory Advisory Panel. Who serves on it? At this
link <http://www.ssflpanel.org/members.htm> we first find Steve Wing. We
all remember him, don't we? Next we find Daniel Hirsch, president of the
Committee to Bridge the Gap. This is an anti-nuclear and general
scare-mongering organization. Also on the Panel are David Lochbaum of the
Union of Concerned Scientists, and the late Alice Stewart. There are other
members whose names I do not recognize.
I can't get any of the linked Advisory Panel reports to open so I can't
comment on them. I can just about guess what they will be like.
Steven Dapra
sjd at swcp.com
===================
Panel consultant David Richardson is a colleague of (at UNC) and co-author of Steve Wing. Panel consultant Jan Beyea was (is?) an epidemiologist at Columbia University, but one who strongly disputed Steve Wing's epidemiological analysis of the TMI accident. Panel member Gregg Wilkinson, now in Texas, was involved with several data-dredging analyses of radiation epidemiology, particularly of DOE worker populations, when he was at Oak Ridge. A couple of those papers are among the worst I have ever seen in a peer-reviewed journal.
Best regards.
Jim Dukelow
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, WA
jim.dukelow at pnl.gov
These comments are mine and have not been reviewed and/or approved by my management or by the U.S. Department of Energy.
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 17:12:40 EDT
From: BLHamrick at aol.com
Subject: Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: blc+ at pitt.edu, sandyfl at earthlink.net
Cc: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID: <cbd.4b4efa.325c1548 at aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
DOE has a public information brochure at:
apps.em.doe.gov/etec/septposters2004-ppt.pdf, but I'm not sure any of the technical documents are online, since
this occurred back in 1959.
Barbara
In a message dated 10/9/2006 7:24:37 A.M. Pacific Standard Time,
blc+ at pitt.edu writes:
Can someone say briefly what nuclear event happened that led to the
description "meltdown"? The info I have found pertains mostly to chemicals.
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 18:47:39 EDT
From: JGinniver at aol.com
Subject: Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: blc+ at pitt.edu, sandyfl at earthlink.net
Cc: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID: <458.67a7c4c9.325c2b8b at aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
I don't know if this helps, but it's a small excerpt from a dose
reconstruction report produced by ORAU _www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/pdfs/tbd/etec4.pdf_
(http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/pdfs/tbd/etec4.pdf)
SNIP>“Of all these incidents, only the Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) Fuel
Damage incident, commonly known as "The Meltdown," resulted in a measurable
release of
radioactive material into the environment.†The SRE was a sodium-cooled
graphite-moderated
reactor in Building 143, which in 1959 had a loss of coolant that resulted
in damage to 13 fuel
assemblies (Sapere and Boeing 2005, pp. 2-1, 2-3, 2-5). Radioactive noble
gases reached the outer
containment and 28 Ci of radioactive noble gases 133Xe and 85Kr were
released in a controlled manner
and low concentrations to limit the potential dose (Rutherford 2005).<SNIP
Cheers, Julian
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 16:39:58 -0700
From: "Dukelow, James S Jr" <jim.dukelow at pnl.gov>
Subject: RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: <JGinniver at aol.com>, <blc+ at pitt.edu>, <sandyfl at earthlink.net>
Cc: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID: <C4BF0852F93C9E40AFD9338575B896582D97C0 at EMAIL01.pnl.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Julian Ginniver wrote:
-----Original Message-----
From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl [mailto:radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl] On
Behalf Of JGinniver at aol.com
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 3:48 PM
To: blc+ at pitt.edu; sandyfl at earthlink.net
Cc: radsafe at radlab.nl
Subject: Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
I don't know if this helps, but it's a small excerpt from a dose
reconstruction report produced by ORAU
_www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/pdfs/tbd/etec4.pdf_
(http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/pdfs/tbd/etec4.pdf)
SNIP>"Of all these incidents, only the Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE)
SNIP>Fuel
Damage incident, commonly known as "The Meltdown," resulted in a
measurable release of radioactive material into the environment." The
SRE was a sodium-cooled graphite-moderated reactor in Building 143,
which in 1959 had a loss of coolant that resulted in damage to 13 fuel
assemblies (Sapere and Boeing 2005, pp. 2-1, 2-3, 2-5). Radioactive
noble gases reached the outer containment and 28 Ci of radioactive
noble gases 133Xe and 85Kr were released in a controlled manner and low
concentrations to limit the potential dose (Rutherford 2005).<SNIP
Cheers, Julian
_______________________________________________
This wouldn't qualify the SRE accident as worse than TMI, since TMI
released about 1.5 million curies of Kr-85, a matter of no public health
concern, since Kr-85 is a noble gas.
Best regards.
Jim Dukelow
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, WA
Jim.dukelow at pnl.gov
These comments are mine and have not been reviewed and/or approved by my
management or by the U.S. Department of Energy.
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 20:00:10 EDT
From: BLHamrick at aol.com
Subject: Re: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: jim.dukelow at pnl.gov, JGinniver at aol.com, blc+ at pitt.edu,
sandyfl at earthlink.net
Cc: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID: <c30.5251b43.325c3c8a at aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
The claims in the "reports," however, are that there was a release of I-131
and Cs-137, and that the I-131 release was potentially tens to hundreds of
times the TMI I-131 release. There did not appear to be any credible evidence
of such a release in the reports, however they spend many pages arguing that
such a release probably occurred. As the news articles report, this has
already encouraged California legislators to try to initiate another round of
anti-nuclear legislation in the State.
Barbara
In a message dated 10/9/2006 4:43:45 P.M. Pacific Standard Time,
jim.dukelow at pnl.gov writes:
This wouldn't qualify the SRE accident as worse than TMI, since TMI
released about 1.5 million curies of Kr-85, a matter of no public health
concern, since Kr-85 is a noble gas.
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2006 20:25:56 -0400
From: "Jaro" <jaro-10kbq at sympatico.ca>
Subject: RE: AW: [ RadSafe ] Nuke meltdown may have caused cancers
To: <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Message-ID: <LJEBKNLOAKEGHLODCAGEIENIDJAA.jaro-10kbq at sympatico.ca>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1250"
Radionuclide releases following fuel melting are directly related to the
fuel burn-up.
Experimental reactors (of which SRE was one) typically have burn-ups that
are only a tiny fraction of what is achieved in commercial power reactors
(of which TMI-2 was one).
Thus without knowing any of the details, I would guess that its highly
unlikely that the SRE melting incident caused anywhere near as much
radionuclide release as the TMI accident.
Odd too, that none of my textbooks mention SRE.... Must have been pretty
short-lived.
Jaro
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
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------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2006 01:25:08 -0500
From: Dan W McCarn <hotgreenchile at gmail.com>
Subject: [ RadSafe ] 2007 WNU Summer Institute
To: <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Cc: ritch at world-nuclear.org
Message-ID: <001f01c6ec34$d7163850$6901a8c0 at PC144121837517>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Dear RadSafe Group:
I received this notification of the 2007 WNU Summer Institute today from the
IAEA and thought that some of you might be interested. I recommend that you
contact John B Ritch, Director General, World Nuclear Association for more
information.
Regards!
Dan W. McCarn, Geologist
Albuquerque / Houston
_____
From: R.Thottakkara at iaea.org [mailto:R.Thottakkara at iaea.org]
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 7:59 AM
To: undisclosed-recipients:
Subject: FW: 2007 WNU Summer Institute
Good Afternoon, circulated as per request. see message below.
best regards, reena
_____
From: John Ritch [mailto:ritch at world-nuclear.org]
Sent: Wednesday, 04 October 2006 11:35
To: WNA Active Participants; WNA Affiliates; WNU Comprehensive
Cc: WNA Staff; WNUCC Staff
Subject: 2007 WNU Summer Institute
Dear Colleague
Please find attached the Announcement of the 2007 WNU Summer Institute, to
be held over six weeks in July-August 2007 and hosted by the Korea Atomic
Energy Research Institute.
I encourage you to circulate the Announcement to all potentially interested
parties. The deadline for applications is 30 November 2006.
The 2007 WNU-SI follows the successes of the inaugural Summer Institute in
Idaho Falls in 2005 and the follow-up in Stockholm earlier this year.
The WNU-SI is a unique event that has proven to be an inspiring educational
experience for all concerned - both for the WNU Fellows and also for the
dozens of world-class experts who have participated as speakers and mentors,
contributing their knowledge and wisdom to the goal of building future
leadership in the realm of nuclear science and technology.
Altogether, 166 WNU Fellows from 40 countries have participated, and we hope
to reproduce another dynamic mix of 80-90 WNU Fellows in Korea next summer.
Kind regards,
John Ritch
John B Ritch
Director General
World Nuclear Association
Carlton House
22a St. James's Square
London SW1Y 4JH
United Kingdom
email: ritch at world-nuclear.org
tel: +44 207 451 1520
fax: +44 207 839 1501
web: www.world-nuclear.org <http://www.world-nuclear.org/>
www.world-nuclear-university.org
<http://www.world-nuclear-university.org/>
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2006 09:42:41 -0400
From: "Victor Gore" <vgore03 at gmail.com>
Subject: [ RadSafe ] RSO position at The Mount Sinai Medical Center,NY
To: <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Message-ID: <001b01c6ec71$f61b4640$4957cb92 at radsafety3>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Job Title: Sr. Director Radiation Safety
If you would like to view more information, or to apply for this position, please click on the following link:
https://mountsinai.igreentree.com/CSS_External/CSSPage_Referred.ASP?ReqKey=1F7BE292-8F5B-4425-B3AB-B9DEB42A8FB9&AppKey=&;
Victor Goretsky
Radiation Safety Scientist
------------------------------
Message: 10
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2006 12:50:30 -0400
From: "Mccormick, Luke I" <luke.mccormick at dhs.gov>
Subject: [ RadSafe ] gamma induced neutrons
To: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID:
<OFCC803616.93DB3821-ON85257203.005C83FB at CUSTOMS.TREAS.GOV>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Can someone guide me to a very good text on gamma induced neutrons. All I
have, (Cember, Bevelacqua, Rad health handbook) concentrate on gamma
neutron generators. My interest is in a high energy Linac generating
photoneutrons on the side. Thanks in advance.
------------------------------
Message: 11
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2006 20:47:16 EDT
From: JPreisig at aol.com
Subject: [ RadSafe ] gamma induced neutrons
To: radsafe at radlab.nl
Message-ID: <277.118bcaa4.325d9914 at aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Hmmmmm,
This is from: jpreisig at aol.com .
Hey all Radsafers,
(Luke McCormick also). Try looking at the book Accelerator Health
Physics by Patterson and Thomas. Also look at the Accelerator Health
Physics course-book by Cossairt if you can find it. Cossairt did or does
work at Fermilab.
In high energy particle physics environments, these photo-neutrons
are
definitely there.
Regards, Joseph R. (Joe) Preisig, Ph.D.
------------------------------
Message: 12
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2006 22:52:03 -0400
From: "stewart farber" <radproject at sbcglobal.net>
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point, Other Radioactive
Leaks Led to Mistrust
To: <BLHamrick at aol.com>, <sandyfl at earthlink.net>, <radsafe at radlab.nl>,
<Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
Message-ID: <00b601c6ece0$3b663020$3f929f42 at YOUR7C60552B9E>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset=iso-8859-1;
reply-type=original
Hi Rainer & all:
For a brief link to an abbreviated discusssion of how high-current electron
accelerators [as with medical radiation therapy linacs potentially which
have electron capability] can produce intense neutron beams from heavy
targets, and near pure isotope production depending on a target see:
http://www.yerphi.am/techpd1.pdf
Electron accelerators have the potential to be used so as to produce large
quantities of Tc-99, I-123, I-128 and other isotopes.
As noted in the link above:
"The probability of such reactions is characterized by a rapid increase
beyond the energy threshold of nucleon production [mostly lower than 10 Mev)
and an explicit maximum in the photon resonance absorption range of ~15 MeV
[so called giant resonance]."
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
Medical Linac Brokerage Services
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
==============================
----- Original Message -----
From: <Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
To: <radproject at sbcglobal.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>;
<sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <BLHamrick at aol.com>
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 5:53 AM
Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Stewart,
which nuclear reactions with stable nuclei can be triggered by 20 MeV
electrons creating thereby radioactive, i.e. unstable nuclei?
Rainer
________________________________
Von: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl im Auftrag von stewart farber
Gesendet: Mo 09.10.2006 05:51
An: radsafe at radlab.nl; sandyfl at earthlink.net; BLHamrick at aol.com
Betreff: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Hi all,
Before dismissing the quote out of hand, bear in mind we really don't know
for sure what is being referrred to.
If by "x-ray equipment" the article is making reference to a linear
accelerator [linac] used in radiation oncology [and not just a simple x-ray
unit used for diagnostic purposes], these linac units can put out a steady
beam of photons in multiple energies of from 6MV to 18MV or more [as well as
electrons in multiple energies up to 20 MeV or more]. Linacs can be used to
irradiate target materials which can make radioactive isotopes which could
theoretically be used for illicit purposes. Just a thought which should be
recognized.
Hospitals and therapy centers often upgrade their installed linacs and the
older units are deinstalled and sold in the US and abroad.
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
----- Original Message -----
From: <BLHamrick at aol.com>
To: <sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Sent: Sunday, October 08, 2006 9:24 PM
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
>
> My favorite part of the RDD nonsense written is the excerpt below.
> Ummm...good luck with finding radioactive material in the x-ray equipment.
>
> Barbara
>
> In a message dated 10/8/2006 6:20:38 P.M. Pacific Standard Time,
> sandyfl at earthlink.net writes:
>
> Scientists responsible for analysing the seizures have given warning
> that traffickers are turning to hospital X-ray equipment and
> laboratory supplies as an illicit source of radioactive material.
>
>
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.1/470 - Release Date: 10/10/2006
------------------------------
Message: 13
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2006 18:27:51 +0200
From: <Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point, Other Radioactive
Leaks Led to Mistrust
To: <radproject at sbcglobal.net>, <BLHamrick at aol.com>,
<sandyfl at earthlink.net>, <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Message-ID:
<1B5EBED4E01074419C07EEF9D3802FDA15919B at exbe02.intra.dlr.de>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Stewart,
thank you for refreshing my memory. Since 1968 I had no reason to think about the photo-nuclear effect and the giant resonance cross sections, so I forgot. In addition I did not read your previous note carefully enough to realize that you were talking about photons and not electrons. :-(
Thanks for your reminder, Rainer
________________________________
Von: stewart farber [mailto:radproject at sbcglobal.net]
Gesendet: Mi 11.10.2006 04:52
An: BLHamrick at aol.com; sandyfl at earthlink.net; radsafe at radlab.nl; Facius, Rainer
Betreff: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led to Mistrust
Hi Rainer & all:
For a brief link to an abbreviated discusssion of how high-current electron
accelerators [as with medical radiation therapy linacs potentially which
have electron capability] can produce intense neutron beams from heavy
targets, and near pure isotope production depending on a target see:
http://www.yerphi.am/techpd1.pdf
Electron accelerators have the potential to be used so as to produce large
quantities of Tc-99, I-123, I-128 and other isotopes.
As noted in the link above:
"The probability of such reactions is characterized by a rapid increase
beyond the energy threshold of nucleon production [mostly lower than 10 Mev)
and an explicit maximum in the photon resonance absorption range of ~15 MeV
[so called giant resonance]."
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
Medical Linac Brokerage Services
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
==============================
----- Original Message -----
From: <Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
To: <radproject at sbcglobal.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>;
<sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <BLHamrick at aol.com>
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 5:53 AM
Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Stewart,
which nuclear reactions with stable nuclei can be triggered by 20 MeV
electrons creating thereby radioactive, i.e. unstable nuclei?
Rainer
________________________________
Von: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl im Auftrag von stewart farber
Gesendet: Mo 09.10.2006 05:51
An: radsafe at radlab.nl; sandyfl at earthlink.net; BLHamrick at aol.com
Betreff: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Hi all,
Before dismissing the quote out of hand, bear in mind we really don't know
for sure what is being referrred to.
If by "x-ray equipment" the article is making reference to a linear
accelerator [linac] used in radiation oncology [and not just a simple x-ray
unit used for diagnostic purposes], these linac units can put out a steady
beam of photons in multiple energies of from 6MV to 18MV or more [as well as
electrons in multiple energies up to 20 MeV or more]. Linacs can be used to
irradiate target materials which can make radioactive isotopes which could
theoretically be used for illicit purposes. Just a thought which should be
recognized.
Hospitals and therapy centers often upgrade their installed linacs and the
older units are deinstalled and sold in the US and abroad.
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
----- Original Message -----
From: <BLHamrick at aol.com>
To: <sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Sent: Sunday, October 08, 2006 9:24 PM
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
>
> My favorite part of the RDD nonsense written is the excerpt below.
> Ummm...good luck with finding radioactive material in the x-ray equipment.
>
> Barbara
>
> In a message dated 10/8/2006 6:20:38 P.M. Pacific Standard Time,
> sandyfl at earthlink.net writes:
>
> Scientists responsible for analysing the seizures have given warning
> that traffickers are turning to hospital X-ray equipment and
> laboratory supplies as an illicit source of radioactive material.
>
>
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.1/470 - Release Date: 10/10/2006
------------------------------
Message: 14
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2006 15:21:46 -0400
From: "stewart farber" <radproject at sbcglobal.net>
Subject: [ RadSafe ] Re: "x-ray machines"/radiation therapy
devices/photons/electrons & potential isotope proiduction
To: <radsafe at radlab.nl>, <sandyfl at earthlink.net>, <BLHamrick at aol.com>,
<Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
Message-ID: <001201c6ed6a$7e6c9780$ce08b745 at YOUR7C60552B9E>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset=iso-8859-1;
reply-type=original
Hi Rainer,
As inferred from the link posted previously:
http://www.yerphi.am/techpd1.pdf
medical radiation therapy electron accelerators of the right energy, can
lead to gamma rays in various specifc targets, which might be used for
isotope production. Interesting possibility that might not have been
commonly recognized,
Stewart
===========
----- Original Message -----
From: <Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
To: <radproject at sbcglobal.net>; <BLHamrick at aol.com>;
<sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Sent: Wednesday, October 11, 2006 12:27 PM
Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Stewart,
thank you for refreshing my memory. Since 1968 I had no reason to think
about the photo-nuclear effect and the giant resonance cross sections, so I
forgot. In addition I did not read your previous note carefully enough to
realize that you were talking about photons and not electrons. :-(
Thanks for your reminder, Rainer
________________________________
Von: stewart farber [mailto:radproject at sbcglobal.net]
Gesendet: Mi 11.10.2006 04:52
An: BLHamrick at aol.com; sandyfl at earthlink.net; radsafe at radlab.nl; Facius,
Rainer
Betreff: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Hi Rainer & all:
For a brief link to an abbreviated discusssion of how high-current electron
accelerators [as with medical radiation therapy linacs potentially which
have electron capability] can produce intense neutron beams from heavy
targets, and near pure isotope production depending on a target see:
http://www.yerphi.am/techpd1.pdf
Electron accelerators have the potential to be used so as to produce large
quantities of Tc-99, I-123, I-128 and other isotopes.
As noted in the link above:
"The probability of such reactions is characterized by a rapid increase
beyond the energy threshold of nucleon production [mostly lower than 10 Mev)
and an explicit maximum in the photon resonance absorption range of ~15 MeV
[so called giant resonance]."
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
Medical Linac Brokerage Services
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
==============================
----- Original Message -----
From: <Rainer.Facius at dlr.de>
To: <radproject at sbcglobal.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>;
<sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <BLHamrick at aol.com>
Sent: Monday, October 09, 2006 5:53 AM
Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Stewart,
which nuclear reactions with stable nuclei can be triggered by 20 MeV
electrons creating thereby radioactive, i.e. unstable nuclei?
Rainer
________________________________
Von: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl im Auftrag von stewart farber
Gesendet: Mo 09.10.2006 05:51
An: radsafe at radlab.nl; sandyfl at earthlink.net; BLHamrick at aol.com
Betreff: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
Hi all,
Before dismissing the quote out of hand, bear in mind we really don't know
for sure what is being referrred to.
If by "x-ray equipment" the article is making reference to a linear
accelerator [linac] used in radiation oncology [and not just a simple x-ray
unit used for diagnostic purposes], these linac units can put out a steady
beam of photons in multiple energies of from 6MV to 18MV or more [as well as
electrons in multiple energies up to 20 MeV or more]. Linacs can be used to
irradiate target materials which can make radioactive isotopes which could
theoretically be used for illicit purposes. Just a thought which should be
recognized.
Hospitals and therapy centers often upgrade their installed linacs and the
older units are deinstalled and sold in the US and abroad.
Stewart Farber, MS Public Health
The Prometheus Group, LLC
[203] 367-0791 [office]
email: radproject at sbcglobal.net
----- Original Message -----
From: <BLHamrick at aol.com>
To: <sandyfl at earthlink.net>; <radsafe at radlab.nl>
Sent: Sunday, October 08, 2006 9:24 PM
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] NRC Says Indian Point,Other Radioactive Leaks Led
to Mistrust
>
> My favorite part of the RDD nonsense written is the excerpt below.
> Ummm...good luck with finding radioactive material in the x-ray equipment.
>
> Barbara
>
> In a message dated 10/8/2006 6:20:38 P.M. Pacific Standard Time,
> sandyfl at earthlink.net writes:
>
> Scientists responsible for analysing the seizures have given warning
> that traffickers are turning to hospital X-ray equipment and
> laboratory supplies as an illicit source of radioactive material.
>
>
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.1/470 - Release Date: 10/10/2006
--
No virus found in this incoming message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.1/470 - Release Date: 10/10/2006
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.1/470 - Release Date: 10/10/2006
------------------------------
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