[ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99

Mon Jul 27 10:25:18 CDT 2009

Stephane is absolutely correct. The result in Canada has been largely the result of political problems, and the inability to get the Maple reactors operable. This is now compounded by the government decision to cancel the Maple project altogether. Interestingly enough, while there has been plenty of press coverage here, I have neither seen nor heard any mention of the fact that a Maple is up and running in South Korea.
Bill Prestwich

"Jean-Francois, Stephane" wrote:

> Hi Franz,
>
> I disagree with your statement putting the onus on the "greens".
>
> I did have the opportunity to comment the very beginning of the crisis in Canada in a big Montreal news paper(end of 2007, beginning 2008). The problem was that our Federal governement took care of business and fired nothing but the President of the Nuclear Safety Commission, ms. Linda Keen. They claimed that her organization was asking too much of the reactor operator (safety measures) and she was responsible of putting the patients at risk.
>
> At that time , our "good goverment" was saying that they were doing this for the good of the patients. I wrote to tell them that going against  the canadian nuclear watchdog sent a very negative message to the population (who can you trust if the government can shut down the watchdog ?)  and was asking in my letter as a conclusion,  only one simple question: If you care about patients, where is your contingency plan ? The reactor is old, it will not go on for ever...where is your back-up plan ?  Of course, they don't have any, we see this today... and obviously nobody in this industry seems to have one either.
>
> Blame the politics Franz, not the Greens...that was too easy.Please note, I am all for nuclear and medicine, but sadly,  we need a crisis like this one to set the record straight and send a political message to our deciders.
>
> Stéphane Jean-François, Eng., M. Env., CHP
> Manager, Environment and Health Physics Services
> Canada Site Functions
> (514) 428-8695
> (514) 428-8670 (FAX)
> stephane_jeanfrancois at merck.com
> www.merckfrosst.com
> Merck Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl [mailto:radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl] On Behalf Of Franz Schönhofer
> Sent: Friday, July 24, 2009 4:21 PM
> To: 'conrad gmail'; radsafe at radlab.nl
> Subject: AW: [ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99
>
> Conrad,
>
> Thank you for forwarding these news, though they are alarming. But obviously
> not alarming enough to create a corresponding echo on RADSAFE!
>
> Since the research reactor in Seibersdorf, Austria shut down, which produced
> not only Tc-99m (or rather its parent nuclide), but also for example other
> radionuclides for instance for synoviortesis, radionuclides needed in
> technical applications like iridium, co-60 or others, there are problems.
> One can import radionuclides from foreign countries. Not to talk about the
> addition costs this is most often not possible for short lived radionuclides
> or would enhance the radiation dose to the handler abroad, because much
> higher activities have to be handled and shipped!
>
> Similar problems abound(ed) in Australia. Have they been solved?
>
> Thanks to those "greens" and "friends of mankind" it might be possible that
> people die, because their acute heart diseases cannot be discovered due to
> lack of suitable radionuclides.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Franz7
>
> Franz Schoenhofer, PhD
> MinRat i.R.
> Habicherg. 31/7
> A-1160 Wien/Vienna
> AUSTRIA
>
> -----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl [mailto:radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl] Im Auftrag
> von conrad gmail
> Gesendet: Freitag, 24. Juli 2009 19:35
> An: radsafe at radlab.nl
> Betreff: [ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99
>
>   from NY times just now
>
>   Radioactive Drug for Tests Is in Short Supply
>
> By MATTHEW L. WALD
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/w/matthew_l_wald
> /index.html?inline=nyt-per>
>
> WASHINGTON - A global shortage of a radioactive drug crucial to tests
> for cardiac disease, cancer
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/cancer/overview.html?inline
> =nyt-classifier>
> and kidney function in children is emerging because two aging nuclear
> reactors that provide most of the world's supply are shut for repairs.
>
> The 51-year-old reactor in Ontario, Canada
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/ca
> nada/index.html?inline=nyt-geo>,
> that produces most of this drug, a radioisotope, has been shut since May
> 14 because of safety problems, and it will stay shut through the end of
> the year, at least.
>
> Some experts fear it will never reopen. The isotope, technetium-99m, is
> used in more than 40,000 medical procedures a day in the United States.
>
> Loss of the Ontario reactor created a shortage over the last few weeks.
> But last Saturday a Dutch reactor that is the other major supplier also
> closed for a month.
>
> The last of the material it produced is now reaching hospitals
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics
> /hospitals/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier>
> and doctors' offices. The Dutch reactor, at Petten
> <http://www.nrg-nl.com/public/medical/valley/node2.html>, is 47 years
> old, and even if it reopens on schedule, it will have to be shut for
> several months in 2010 for repairs, its operators say.
>
> "This is a huge hit," said Dr. Michael M. Graham, president of the
> Society of Nuclear Medicine <http://www.snm.org/> and a professor of
> radiology at the University of Iowa
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/univers
> ity_of_iowa/index.html?inline=nyt-org>.
>
> There are substitute techniques and materials for some procedures that
> use the isotope, Dr. Graham and others said, but they are generally less
> effective, more dangerous or more expensive. With the loss of diagnostic
> capability, "some people will be operated on that don't need to be, and
> vice versa," he said.
>
> Dr. Andrew J. Einstein, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at
> the Columbia University
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/columbi
> a_university/index.html?inline=nyt-org>
> College of Physicians and Surgeons, said the isotope was used to
> determine if a patient had a coronary blockage that required an
> angioplasty
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/surgery/angioplasty/overview.html?i
> nline=nyt-classifier>
> or stent
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/surgery/stent/overview.html?inline=
> nyt-classifier>.
> Without the test, Dr. Einstein said, those invasive procedures would be
> performed on some who did not need them. His hospital is already
> sometimes using smaller doses of the radioactive drug than guidelines
> specify, he said.
>
> In patients with a known cancer, the drug pinpoints additional tumors
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/tumor/overview.html?inline=
> nyt-classifier>
> in bone. At a tumor
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/tumor/overview.html?inline=
> nyt-classifier>
> site, new bone will develop, and new bone growth absorbs the radioactive
> material.
>
> In breast cancer
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/breast-cancer/overview.html
> ?inline=nyt-classifier>
> surgery, the radioisotope is injected to find the lymph node
> <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/lymph-node-culture/overview.ht
> ml?inline=nyt-classifier>
> nearest the tumor, so it can be biopsied for signs of cancer, to
> determine whether more extensive surgery is needed.
>
> The alternative is to inject a dye, which sometimes does not let the
> surgeon find the node.
>
> Without the tool, Dr. Graham said, the quality of medical care is
> "dropping back into the 1960s."
>
> On Tuesday, Representative Edward J. Markey
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/edward_j_marke
> y/index.html?inline=nyt-per>,
> a Massachusetts Democrat who is one of the House's fiercest critics of
> the nuclear industry, declared that the United States was facing "a
> crisis in nuclear medicine."
>
> Mr. Markey, chairman of the House Energy and Commerce subcommittee on
> energy, called for establishing new production facilities in the United
> States. He joined the ranking Republican on the subcommittee,
> Representative Fred Upton of Michigan, to introduce a bill to authorize
> $163 million over five years to assure new production.
>
> The White House is coordinating an interagency effort to find new
> sources of supply, involving the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/n/nuclear
> _regulatory_commission/index.html?inline=nyt-org>,
> the Food and Drug Administration
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/f/food_an
> d_drug_administration/index.html?inline=nyt-org>
> and the Energy Department, but officials said the process would take months.
>
> The reactors are typically small - sometimes no larger than a
> homeowner's trash barrel - but a complete setup costs tens of millions
> of dollars.
>
> Tech-99m, as it is abbreviated, emits a gamma ray that makes its
> presence obvious. It has a half-life of six hours, meaning that it loses
> half its strength in that period. Thus it does its job quickly, without
> lingering to give the patient a big dose. But it also means the isotope
> must be produced and used faster than most other drugs.
>
> Tech-99m is the product of another isotope, molybdenum-99, which also
> has a short half-life, 66 hours. Thus a week after it is made, less than
> a quarter of the molybdenum-99 remains. Stockpiling is not practical.
>
> "You lose about 1 percent an hour," said another expert, Kevin D.
> Crowley, director of the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board at the
> National Research Council
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/n/nationa
> l_research_council/index.html?inline=nyt-org>.
> "So time is of the essence."
>
> Molybdenum-99 is made when uranium-235 is split, but only about 6
> percent of the fission fragments are molybdenum. Purification has to be
> done in a heavily shielded "hot cell."
>
> The common method is to put a uranium target into the stream of neutrons
> produced in the reactor as uranium is split. But the preferred material
> is a high-purity uranium-235, which is also bomb fuel.
>
> Mr. Markey and others are trying to have the industry switch to
> low-enriched - nonweapons-grade - uranium.
>
> Dr. Crowley said that could be done, although the industry has resisted.
>
> The reactors' poor condition has been obvious for a while. In 2007,
> Canadian safety regulators said the Ontario reactor should not restart,
> but the Canadian Parliament overruled them.
>
> In 1996, the company that purifies the molybdenum from the Ontario
> reactor, MDS Nordion, contracted with Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
> <http://www.aecl.ca/site3.aspx>, which owns the reactor, to build two
> new ones. MDS Nordion paid more than $350 million for them.
>
> But when the new reactors were started up, both showed a problem: as the
> power level increased, the reactors had a tendency to run faster and
> faster, a condition called positive coefficient of reactivity. That is a
> highly undesirable characteristic in a reactor, one that contributed
> heavily to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. So Atomic Energy of Canada
> Ltd., which is owned by the Canadian government, said it would not open
> them.
>
> For all the years that the Ontario plant was running or the replacements
> were under construction, other potential manufacturers believed they
> could not compete, Dr. Klein said. And the business has always been
> small, he said, adding that a big pharmaceutical company "can make more
> on Viagra
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics
> /viagra_drug/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier>
> in two days than on tech-99m in a year."
>
> Several long-term alternatives are available. Babcock & Wilcox, a
> reactor manufacturer, has proposed a new kind of reactor that would
> manufacture molybdenum that could be siphoned off continuously.
>
> In a few weeks, a company in Kennewick, Wash., Advanced Medical
> Isotopes, plans to test a new system, using a linear accelerator, a
> machine that shoots subatomic particles at high speeds.
>
> Reactors in Belgium, France, South Africa and Argentina could also be
> used to make small amounts.
>
> The High Flux Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee,
> owned by the federal government, and a research reactor at the
> University of Missouri
> <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/univers
> ity_of_missouri/index.html?inline=nyt-org>,
> could do the work, but neither has the equipment in place to extract the
> molybdenum from the targets.
>
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