[ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99
Dan W McCarn
hotgreenchile at gmail.com
Thu Jul 30 21:57:30 CDT 2009
Dear Dr. Parthasarathy:
I always take great pleasure in your comments; they get quickly to the heart
of the matter.
I was re-reading my copy of the NPT this evening (I sometimes think that
other people have different versions), and it struck me again that there is
a continuing commitment of parties to the NPT to provide material and
technological assistance "in a position to do so". Nuclear medicine is
decades older than nuclear power yet the accessibility of isotopes for
nuclear imaging is very restricted. The sad truth is that these issues were
foreseen years ago and have been previously discussed in this forum.
Quote
Article IV
2. All the Parties to the Treaty undertake to facilitate, and have the right
to participate in, the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and
scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear
energy. Parties to the Treaty in a position to do so shall also cooperate in
contributing alone or together with other States or international
organizations to the further development of the applications of nuclear
energy for peaceful purposes, especially in the territories of
non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty, with due consideration for
the needs of the developing areas of the world.
Unquote
Having worked at the IAEA during most of the 1980s, it would seem to me that
the "fullest possible exchange" has clearly not taken place for the needs of
the developing areas of the world. In fact, the availability of Tc-99
appears to be very restricted even for developed countries. Member States
have a treaty commitment, though it is a relatively soft from the language
of the NPT ("in a position to do so"), to provide exchange of technology,
materials and technology. Will they honor this commitment?
I'm sure that with the economic recession, there is a significant reduction
of voluntary contributions by Member States to the IAEA Technical
Cooperation programme.
Give regards to Shri Syed Fareeduddin when you hear from him!
Dan ii
--
Dan W McCarn, Geologist
8, Le Buisson Sainte Anne
78860 Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche
+33.(0).1.74.09.03.09 (Land Line) - France)
+33.(0).6.47.86.05.25 (Mobile - France)
+1-505-240-6872 (Skype - New Mexico)
HotGreenChile at gmail.com (Private email)
-----Original Message-----
From: radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl [mailto:radsafe-bounces at radlab.nl] On Behalf
Of parthasarathy k s
Sent: Friday, July 31, 2009 02:48
To: Toro Laszlo; radsafe at radlab.nl
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99
Dear Dr. Laszlo,
Thank you very much for reproducing the background story including the
recent developments on the shortage of Tc-99. In India we import about 80%
of our requirements. The world wide shortage has started pinching the
nuclear medicine community in India. According to a nuclear medicine
specialist from a reputed hospital, the cost has gone up by 200%. India has
only about 200 nuclear medicine physicians working mostly very close to
cities.
regards
K.S.Parthasarathy
________________________________
From: Toro Laszlo <torolaszlo at yahoo.com>
To: radsafe at radlab.nl
Sent: Wednesday, 29 July, 2009 12:31:30
Subject: Re: [ RadSafe ] shortage of tech 99
Good morning,
I received the following text - a short history of NRX, NRU, Maple - from an
other list. It seems the main cause are not the greens (I don't like but
must to recognize) but inertia of the state .
Yours,
Laszlo Toro
Maple fall
21 July 2009
Reactor Accidents author David Mosey considers the sad tale of AECL's
medical isotope business.
On 10 June 2009, Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper confirmed that
Canada was getting out of the medical isotope business, bringing down
the curtain on the final act of a play that has included tragedy,
farce and theatre of the absurd in equal proportions. We take our
seats as the curtain rises, 18 years ago.
Act I
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd (AECL) has a long and honourable history
in pioneering radioisotope production for medical and commercial
applications. So successful was it in this that the AECL Commercial
Products Division (renamed the Radiochemical Company in the
seventies), responsible for marketing isotopes and radiotherapy units,
was sold to MDS Nordion in 1991. Radioisotopes were originally
produced in the NRX reactor (started up in 1947) and ten years later
the more powerful NRU, but by the eighties it was apparent that a
dedicated medical isotope production reactor would be needed: NRX was
due to be withdrawn from service in 1992 and NRU was expected to be
shut down in 2005. The plan was initially for a single dedicated
isotope production reactor, but this was cancelled in 1993 as a result
of budget constraints. Three years later, in 1996, Nordion and AECL
reached an agreement to construct two reactors and an associated
processing facility by 2000 to provide a 40-year supply of medical
isotopes. Two reactors were needed to ensure that the supply of
isotopes would not be interrupted by maintenence, or unplanned
shutdowns.
Act II
When the first Maple reactor was started up in 2000, it was found that
the reactor’s power coefficient of reactivity (PCR) was not negative,
as predicted in the design, but positive.. In other words, as reactor
power increased, so did reactivity. While this didn’t mean that the
reactor was necessarily unsafe, or unusable, it did mean that the
regulatory authority (the CNSC) felt that the reason for the
discrepancy between predicted and actual behaviour should be
understood before routine reactor operation should begin, a not
unreasonable point of view. But the process of achieving this
understanding seemed to take rather a long time. It was not until
December 2005 that AECL reported that the “PCR issue [is] poised for
resolution following significant work by AECL and independent
organisations.”
Though the government took no action, MDS Nordion certainly did. They
saw project costs doubling on a project that was already five years
late, and promised to be much later. They wanted out. In 2006,
agreement was reached whereby AECL took over complete financial
responsibility for the project, committed to have the reactors in
service by October 2008, and agreed to provide Nordion with a 40 year
supply of isotopes.
Act III
While the NRU reactor was shut down for maintenance in November 2007,
it was discovered that AECL had not installed required safety upgrades
(to two of the circulating pumps), and the reactor was in violation of
its operating licence. The interruption of isotope supply provoked the
government to prompt action. In an unprecedented move, they over-rode
the authority of the CNSC, and introduced a bill (passed with all-
party support) ordering the return to service of NRU. To emphasise its
displeasure, the government also sacked CNSC’s president. No-one asked
the question that, if continuity of supply of medical isotopes is so
vitally important to the health of Canadians (the rationale used by
the Prime Minister Harper to justify his government’s foray into
nuclear regulation), why were no contingency plans made to cover this
sort of eventuality?
Act IV
On 16 May 2008, AECL announced it was stopping work on the Maple
project, the board of directors having concluded that it was “no
longer feasible to complete the commissioning and start-up of the
reactors.” The company added that this decision would not affect the
‘current’ supply of isotopes from the NRU reactor. The natural
resources minister stated that the government was “absolutely
committed to ensuring the medical community has the isotopes it needs
in the future,” but offered no plans of how he proposed to meet this
commitment. MDS Nordion announced that it was seeking an order to
compel AECL to meet its obligations under the 2006 agreement
(including the 40-year supply of isotopes). It also noted it was
filing a court claim for CAD1.6 billion in damages against AECL and
the Canadian Government.
Act V (finale)
A year after AECL’s announcement the NRU reactor shutdown safely
following a loss of electrical power. Subsequently a heavy water leak
was detected at the base of the reactor vessel. Repair of this leak
has required defuelling the reactor. While no firm restart date has
been given (nor could one be reasonably expected at this stage) the
reactor is not expected to be back in service for at least three
months. And on 10 June the prime minister confirmed that Canada was
getting out of the isotope business.
There are two contributing factors to this dismal story. First, AECL’s
abysmal performance. It is nothing less than tragic that an
organisation that can justifiably take pride in its pioneering work in
nuclear science should now appear as a sort of atomic Inspector
Clouseau (but without the funny bits). No one appears to be held
accountable for a project that has cost Canadian taxpayers between
CAD650-750 million but has achieved nothing. Second, and perhaps more
serious, is the egregious irresponsibility and total disconnection
from scientific reality of AECL’s government minders. Despite clear
indications by 2006 that the Maple project was in serious trouble, no-
one appears to have taken charge of the issue.
======================================================================
Laszlo Toro PhD
senior scientist
Physicist, Certified radiological protection expert
Institute of Public Health Timisoara
Radiation Hygiene Dept.
RO 300226 Timisoara
Bd. V. Babes 16-18
Romania
ph. +40 256 492101 ext 34
fax +40 256 492101
e-mail toro.laszlo at matefin.com
torolaszlo at yahoo.com
======================================================================
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