[ RadSafe ] coal ash toxicity contribution from uranyl

[James Salsman]

How much of the toxicity of coal fly ash is due to uranyl?

Jones, T. et al (2009) "The geochemistry and bioreactivity of fly-ash
from coal-burning power stations" Biomarkers  14(S1):45-8 states
"Fly-ash is a recognized bioreactive material in rat lung, generating
hydroxyl radicals, releasing iron, and causing DNA damage. However,
the mechanisms of the bioreactivity are still unclear and the relative
contributions of the minerals and leachable metals to that toxicity
are not well known." -- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19604058  /
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a913225205

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=coal-ash-is-more-radioactive-than-nuclear-waste
suggests it might be a very substantial portion.

What are the other top genotoxins in coal ash?

Which is the best source measuring the combined chemical and
radiological carcinogenicity of uranyl?

Sincerely,
James Salsman