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RE: radon



Jim,



I signed off the listserv.  I was very tired of your pontificating and 

insulting posts.  For a nuclear engineer, you sure act as if you are an 

expert in all fields.



I am sure I am not the first person to sign off because of your behavior.



Les Crable





>From: "Jim Muckerheide" <jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu>

>To: "Les Crable" <lescrable@hotmail.com>, <jkotton@usgs.gov>

>CC: <radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu>

>Subject: RE: radon

>Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 23:22:57 -0500

>

>Your comment just shows lack of understanding. :-(  Your "each

>individual" dose is not valid. You didn't read or understood the

>problem, or arithmetic. Your "individual dose data" doesn't reflect

>individual doses, especially in Iowa where the "low-dose" people live in

>a high-dose region. So the data is likely near junk since the data base

>is so small. Therefore "case-control" results of this small group near

>random. Do a second replicate in Iowa, you'll get another random answer

>(except that the errors will also tend to the null). This kind of

>non-numerate "argument" seems to be endemic with apologists for rad

>protection and falsification of science.

>

>You aren't close to "quality of data," but that won't stop the

>desperate.

>

>And Dan Krewski produced the BEIR VI travesty!?  Simple dissembling

>disinformation to con the politicians. As noted before, honest epi's

>fear for their careers to challenge such crap.

>

>It was especially telling that when the BEIR VI Committee was asked by

>the media at their press conference if any of them had had their homes

>measured for radon, after a long pause one said (think it was Roger

>McClellan) "well my home is in a low radon area -- and I don't smoke."

>

>Your confidence in "the agencies" is rather quaint. You seem to ignore

>the dozens/hundreds of specific actions that suppress programs and

>publication and ignore the data in front of them when they "serve" on

>prestgious committees that reward them well! Are you just uninformed and

>not very rigorous about science? or ?

>

>Jim

>===

>

>

>-----Original Message-----

>From:	Les Crable

>Sent:	Mon 14-Jan-02 6:52 PM

>To:	Jim Muckerheide; jkotton@usgs.gov

>Cc:	radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

>Subject:	radon

>

>

>Jim -

>

>I think you are a bit naive on this issue. Each individual in the whole

>state of Iowa does NOT have a high radon exposure.  Look at the Iowa

>paper

>(read beyond the abstract), almost half have radon concentrations below

>150

>Bq/m3. If you were comparing the state of Hawaii to Iowa, you could say

>-

>compared to Hawaii, Iowa has a lot more radon.  But, in reality because

>it

>is a case-control study, the study looked at individual exposures among

>a

>group of people.  The median exposure is higher for Iowa, and that is

>what

>you want, a nice distribution of exposures.  I always thought it made

>sense

>to perform studies of possible toxins where the source strength was the

>highest.  And Iowa has the highest source strength to test whether or

>not

>residential radon poses a hazard.  It makes no sense to perform a radon

>test

>in a state where there is no radon.  It is my understanding no more

>radon

>case-control studies will be funded in the U.S.  Iowa and Missouri are

>apparently pooling their studies and then we will have the results of

>the

>National and International poolings.  Dan Krewski is pooling the N.

>American

>studies.  He is on the Belle advisory comm so he is not one of your so

>called LNT mafia.

>

>When agencies fund case-control studies like the Iowa study they make

>sure

>their sample size has the required power to detect an association if one

>

>exists.  I agree that it is quality of data we should strive for and not

>

>quantity of data.

>

>Les

>

>

> >From: "Jim Muckerheide" <jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu>

> >To: "Les Crable" <lescrable@hotmail.com>, <jkotton@usgs.gov>

> >CC: <radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu>

> >Subject: RE: Background Radiation Information Sought

> >Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 17:51:07 -0500

> >

> >-----Original Message-----

> >From:	Les Crable

> >

> >Jim,

> >

> >I think Iowa is the best state to perform a radon epidemiology study.

> >

> >You do Not want certain areas high and certain areas low. Maybe for an

> >ecologic study, but not for a case control study.  What you want is a

> >wide

> >range of radon exposures so that you are able to get a dose response

> >relationship.  If you look at the Iowa study, that is what they have -

>a

> >

> >very nice wide distribution of exposures.  The distribution is still

>log

> >

> >normal in Iowa, so there are many low measurements.

> >

> >Les Crable

> >

> ><This isn't true. It's even worse in a "case-control" study. You can't

> >know the actual dose to individuals in any so-called radon case-control

> >study, when the whole population is exposed to a radon-prone

>environment

> >you know even LESS that the dose to any individual correlates with a

> >house measurement. The only "good" in a "good case-control study" comes

> >only from limiting one major variable, i.e., knowing the dose to the

> >individuals.

> >

> >When you don't know that, the study is simply a small (too small)

> >statistical correlation study that loses all power and produces results

> >that vary all over the place, and especially tends to the null, as the

> >many small case control population studies routinely demonstrate, many

> >of which are just "junk science" in terms of the validity of the

> >correlation produced (size of population, quality of measurements,

>etc.)

> >No two people in the same house will have equivalent doses. Two people

> >in two houses that measure the same are less likely to have equivalent

> >actual doses.

> >

> >So when the condition is further compromised by the fact that people

> >whose houses measure low radon live in a generally high-radon

> >environment, they are not exposed to "low doses" the same way a person

> >is exposed when they live a a low radon area. A large population study

> >has the statistical capability to produce a narrow central tendency to

> >produce a valid, reproducible, effect.

> >

> >This is further compromised by selecting a high-dose state. Since the

> >actual correlation in Cohen's data, and in other substantial studies,

> >shows a reduced slope in the high range, with a large slope in the low

> >range, the likelihood of finding a credible result in Louisianna is

> >greater than finding a credible result (whether considering the fact

> >that the slope between 1.0 and 1.5 is much greater than between 5.0 and

> >5.5, the percent difference, or the constaint on the lower limit, all

> >will tend to more strongly make a  statistical difference evident).

> >

> >In any event, everyone should consider that at the end of the day, the

> >issue is just a statistical representation of real people with real

> >expsosures, not just semantics about what is a "good" or "better" type

> >of study. If you want the "best" case-control studies, put people in

> >glass cages and measure real doses, or a "good" case-control study,

>give

> >them personal dosimeters until normal variations are stabilized (a

> >year?)  They did this in China.

> >

> >It's not undoable, but researchers don't get support for studies that

> >would tend to definitive results (as said by senior AEC and ORNL

> >officials in '72) validated when Frigerio's study was killed by AEC in

> >'73, continued by NRC and ERDA/DOE, well known to, and results

> >suppressed by, the ICRP/NCRP/UNSCEAR/BEIR Committees, etc. The '73

> >report results only got "pub'd" because Frigerio got to an IAEA Conf in

> >'76 because it was specifically on effects of background radiation.

> >There's no "full paper."

> >

> >Cohen's county-level results could have been achieved in the 70's for

> >all background radiation and all cancers, etc. if supported. But

>killed.

> >(It only got started because the licensing people were responding to

>the

> >'71 Calvert Cliffs decision. Wouldn't have been started by the

>radiation

> >researchers who knew better.) And nobody then would "argue" that

> >"ecological studies" don't count. After all, epi was founded solely on

> >ecological studies. This rhetorical non-science argument was created

> >solely to ignore Cohen's work. Note also that Cohen's work was funded

> >solely by himself. The regulatory research community wouldn't fund any

> >such study after they dodged the Frigerio bullet!

> >

> >But the Cohen and Colditz 1994 paper puts a real epidemiologist, not a

> >regulatory apologist, on the record as confirming the epidemiological

> >validity of Cohen's results. Maybe you can do a PubMed search on

> >"colditz g") Of course once the political-science machinery started to

> >grind, Colditz decided he wanted none of it and refused to make any

> >statements - is that "survival," "cowardice," "moral terpitude?" I

> >suspect that if there were ever a serious and formal consideration of

> >the scientific merits instead of political manipulations, he would

> >speak. We haven't yet found ANYONE in the establishment to put the

> >question on the table.

> >

> >So the real question is: When will this issue get any serious hearing?

> >Certainly wasn't considered by NCRP in 136, despite assurances and

> >correspondence from Chairman Jackson requiring that the data be

> >considered following our testimony to the NRC. NCRP just held out a

>long

> >time, supported the DOE in fradulently claiming that AEC/DOE nuclear

> >workers were getting radiation-induced cancer (with total silence by

>the

> >HPS and all the others who had for decades said that the workers were

> >well protected to very conservative standards to get political

>attection

> >on "even greater risks from IR than previously suspected"). Even NCRP

> >President Lauri Taylor had said in 1980 that using the LNT was immoral.

> >

> >Obviously 4 mrem/year can't make any difference to public health, so

>the

> >only purpose is to increase the funding for radiation protection. And

> >once some researchers got new funding through DOE, they became "silent"

> >partners in questioning the LNT. There will be some useful work, but

>DOE

> >specifically expunged research that would provide good results in a

> >short time in favor of 10 years at $20M/year feeding national lab and

> >establishment people to do essentially useless work, just we had

>advised

> >Domenici when he responded to our case with the new funds. Fortunately

> >some biology on the subject is getting done despite funding mostly

> >useless rad physics with their "hits" and "bystander effects" ina

>vacuum

> >(intellectual and moral). But again, most don't know better. They don't

> >understand biology and life processes.

> >

> >Regards, Jim

> >============

> >

> > >From: "Jim Muckerheide" <jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu>

> > >Reply-To: "Jim Muckerheide" <jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu>

> > >To: "Jim Otton" <jkotton@usgs.gov>

> > >CC: <radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu>

> > >Subject: RE: Background Radiation Information Sought

> > >Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 12:16:00 -0500

> > >

> > >Jim O.

> > >

> > >The residential concentration groups are "doses." Is the data set

> >behind

> > >these groups available? It would be interesting to see radon,

> > >terrestrial, and cosmic summed by county. Does this really not exist

> > >anywhere?

> > >

> > >On the national map it's easy to see that Iowa is the worst state to

> >try

> > >to find a radon dose-response. There is no low-dose region!

>Eliminates

> > >the meaningful data in Cohen and other more substantial analyses!?

>:-)

> > >

> > >Now Tennessee would be good! :-)  Virginia, but ocean/mountain

> > >confounders; Connecticut has the opposite - hi radon on the ocean

>side;

> > >Nebraska giant counties and population density problems? Alabama, but

> > >disparate? Who would do Louisianna - all counties low!?

> > >

> > >Regards, Jim

> > >============

> > >

> > >-----Original Message-----

> > >From:	Jim Otton

> > >Sent:	Mon 14-Jan-02 11:22 AM

> > >To:	Jim Muckerheide

> > >Cc:	radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > >Subject:	RE: Background Radiation Information Sought

> > >

> > >Jim M,

> > >There is no radon dose information at the USGS site. The USGS role in

> > >radon

> > >studies focused on the geologic causes of variation in indoor radon

> > >levels

> > >and devloping means of estimating the geologic radon potential for

>the

> > >U.S.

> > >In the work performed by the USGS for the EPA in mapping U.S. radon

> > >potential, we focused on developing geologic estimates of the average

> > >indoor

> > >radon level of residences the U.S.  These geologic radon potential

> > >estimates

> > >were published by the USGS in a series of 11 Open-File reports in

>1993

> > >and

> > >1995.  These 11 reports covered each of EPA's 10 regions plus an

>extra

> > >report for Guam and Puerto Rico.  EPA then used these geologic

> >estimates

> > >to

> > >develop their "Map of Radon Zones"

> > >(http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/zonemap.html) in which each county

> > >received a

> > >low, moderate or high (yellow, orange, red) ranking.

> > >

> > >Jim Otton

> > >

> > >

> > >-----Original Message-----

> > >From: Jim Muckerheide [mailto:jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu]

> > >Sent: Friday, January 11, 2002 10:59 PM

> > >To: Jim Otton

> > >Cc: radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > >Subject: RE: Background Radiation Information Sought

> > >

> > >

> > >Jim,

> > >

> > >Is there radon dose info on this "radon site?"  :-)

> > >

> > >Any way to add terrestrial to radon doses by location? plus cosmic?

> > >

> > >These sources don't address the original question, which would be of

> > >interest.

> > >

> > >Regards, Jim

> > >

> > >

> > >-----Original Message-----

> > >From:	Jim Otton

> > >Sent:	Fri 11-Jan-02 12:19 PM

> > >To:	BERNARD L COHEN; Dave Derenzo

> > >Cc:	radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > >Subject:	RE: Background Radiation Information Sought

> > >

> > >Dave, Bernard, and all,

> > >The terrestrial gamma component to dose has been estimated for the

>U.S.

> > >by

> > >Joe Duval (USGS, Reston, VA).  A map showing that dose and related

>maps

> > >showing the apparent concentrations (in ppm or percent) of the U, Th,

> > >and K

> > >components of that dose can be found at

> > >http://sedwww.cr.usgs.gov:8080/radon/DDS-9.html or

> > >http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/radon/radonhome.html These maps are part of

> > >the

> > >USGS' radon webpage.  These maps are derived from the NURE aerorad

> > >dataset,

> > >the cosmic-source gamma component was eliminated (upward-looking

> > >crystals

> > >were used in the survey).

> > >

> > >Jim Otton

> > >U.S. Geological Survey

> > >Environmental Geology of Radionuclides

> > >

> > >

> > >-----Original Message-----

> > >From: owner-radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > >[mailto:owner-radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu]On Behalf Of BERNARD L

>COHEN

> > >Sent: Friday, January 11, 2002 7:55 AM

> > >To: Dave Derenzo

> > >Cc: radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > >Subject: Re: Background Radiation Information Sought

> > >

> > >

> > >	My paper "Indoor radon maps of the United States" might be

> > >useful,

> > >since radon is the dominant contributor to doses from natural

> >radiation,

> > >and it varies much more than does the gamma ray background radiation.

> > >

> > >On Fri, 11 Jan 2002, Dave Derenzo wrote:

> > >

> > > > Dear Radsafers,

> > > >

> > > > In one of my training classes, I use a very old slide of a US map

> >with

> > > > average background levels for each state.  The slide says the

>source

> > >of

> > >the

> > > > data was EPA.  This slide does not include the radon contribution

>to

> > >the

> > > > ede.  I would like to update this slide, but have had no luck in

> > >finding

> > > > more recent information.  Can anyone point me to a reference that

> >has

> > >this

> > > > information on a state by state basis?  I have already tried NCRP

> >94,

> > >but

> > > > unless I missed something, this information is not included.  A

> >search

> > >of

> > > > the EPA web site also was not productive.  Any help would be

> > >appreciated.

> > > >

> > > > Thanks,

> > > > Dave Derenzo, RSO

> > > > University of Illinois at Chicago

> > > >

> > > >

> >

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