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Fwd: RE: nematodes





> 

> Hi Jim,  Good to correspond,

> 

> The point that I was trying to make is two fold.

> 

> 1. There is a protective mechanism that we have

> (humans and every other living organism) to respond

> to

> chemical, biological, radioactive insult - the heat

> shock response is well documented, and it is not

> only

> due to heat(other insults can also induce this

> response). Of course this reponse is good within a

> limited range, ie. if someone gets a fever of 107 F

> there is going to be some damage. Therefore

> hormesis.

> 

> 2. I also would also like to highlight the lack of

> scientific knowledge we currently have - C. elegans

> lives longer if one removes germ cell lineage.  This

> is also true of octopus. - the point being that

> removal of the germ cells is a type of insult in

> which

> the organism responds to the best of its ability -

> not

> knowing that it is sterile - but increases its

> lifespan to live long enough to (stupidly) the

> chance

> of breeding. Surivel of the fittest or a mechanism

> which is illadopted to the challenge.

> 

> I hope this helps and thanks for the question - Tom

> 

> 

> --- Jim Muckerheide <jmuckerheide@cnts.wpi.edu>

> wrote:

> > Tom, ??  Why do you think something would

> "support"

> > hormesis in this abstract? There's not even a

> > journal/title to find the paper. :-( 

> > 

> > I don't understand the point you are making. Can

> you

> > explain? Is there anything in the full paper about

> > response to stressors affecting proliferating

> > germ-line stem cells, or transcription regulator,

> > or?

> > 

> > Perhaps the following papers will help to clarify

> > the response for you. I don't have access to this

> > journal. We will review the papers when we can get

> > them. If anyone has access to this journal, I

> would

> > very much appreciate these papers. 

> > 

> > Regards, Jim

> > =============

> > 

> > J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002

> Mar;57(3):B109-14

> >  

> > Multiple Stressors in Caenorhabditis elegans

> Induce

> > Stress Hormesis and Extended Longevity.

> > 

> > Cypser JR, Johnson TE.

> > Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of

> > Colorado, Boulder.

> > 

> > We demonstrate here that the nematode

> Caenorhabditis

> > elegans displays broad hormetic abilities.

> Hormesis

> > is the induction of beneficial effects by exposure

> > to low doses of otherwise harmful chemical or

> > physical agents. Heat as well as pretreatment with

> > hyperbaric oxygen or juglone (a chemical that

> > generates reactive oxygen species) significantly

> > increased subsequent resistance to the same

> > challenge. Cross-tolerance between juglone and

> > oxygen was also observed. The same heat or oxygen

> > pretreatment regimens that induced subsequent

> stress

> > resistance also increased life expectancy and

> > maximum life span of populations undergoing normal

> > aging. Pretreatment with ultraviolet or ionizing

> > radiation did not promote subsequent resistance or

> > increased longevity. In dose-response studies,

> > induced thermotolerance paralleled the induced

> > increase in life expectancy, which is consistent

> > with a common origin.

> > ===============

> > 

> > J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002 Mar

> > 1;57(3):B83-B92	

> >  

> > Heat Shock Changes the Heterogeneity Distribution

> in

> > Populations of Caenorhabditis elegans: Does It

> Tell

> > Us Anything About the Biological Mechanism of

> Stress

> > Response?

> > 

> > Yashin AI, Cypser JW, Johnson TE, Michalski AI,

> > Boyko SI, Novoseltsev VN.

> > Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research,

> > Rostock, Germany. Center for Demographic Studies,

> > Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Institute

> > for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, Colorado.

> > Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of

> > Sciences, Moscow.

> > 

> > In this paper we analyze survival data of

> > populations of sterilized nematodes,

> Caenorhabditis

> > elegans, exposed to heat shocks of different

> > duration at the beginning of their adult lives.

> > There are clear hormesis effects after short

> > exposure to heat and clear debilitation effects

> > after long exposure. Intermediate durations result

> > in a mixture of these two effects. In this latter

> > case, the survival curves for the control and

> > experimental populations intersect. We show that

> > observed effects may be explained by using a model

> > of discrete heterogeneity. According to this

> model,

> > each population of worms in the experiment is a

> > mixture of subcohorts of frail, normal, and robust

> > individuals; exposure to heat changes the initial

> > proportion of worms in the subcohorts

> (heterogeneity

> > distribution); and these changes depend on the

> > duration of exposure. In other words, exposure to

> > heat does not influence mortality rates (survival

> > functions) in the subcohorts but does cause

> > individuals to move!

> >  from one subcohort to another. In a biological

> > interpretation of this finding we hypothesize

> that,

> > when coping with stress, the organisms of worms

> use

> > several lines of defense. Switching these lines on

> > and off in response to stress in individual

> > organisms generates the spectrum of observed

> > survival effects at the population level. We

> discuss

> > possible molecular biological mechanisms of stress

> > response and directions for further research.

> > 

> > -----Original Message-----

> > From:	Thomas J Savin  [mailto:tjsav@LYCOS.COM]

> > Sent:	Wed 13-Feb-02 1:23 PM

> > To:	radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu

> > Cc:	

> > Subject:	nematodes

> > 

> > Fellow radsafers - Just wanted to use this example

> > of how complicated research is and how one find

> does

> > not necessarily mean what one suggests - Does

> anyone

> > think that this article (below) supports hormesis?

> 

> > This is in response to the microwave report on

> > nematodes:

> > 

> > Regulation of Life-Span by Germ-Line Stem Cells in

> > Caenorhabditis elegans 

> > Nuno Arantes-Oliveira, Javier Apfeld,* Andrew

> > Dillin, Cynthia Kenyon 

> > 

> > The germ line of the nematode Caenorhabditis

> elegans

> > influences life-span; when the germ-line precursor

> > cells are removed, life-span is increased

> > dramatically. We find that neither sperm, nor

> > oocytes, nor meiotic precursor cells are

> responsible

> > for this effect. Rather life-span is influenced by

> > the proliferating germ-line stem cells. These

> cells,

> > as well as a downstream transcriptional regulator,

> > act in the adult to influence aging, indicating

> that

> > the aging process remains plastic during

> adulthood.

> > We propose that the germ-line stem cells affect

> > life-span by influencing the production of, or the

> > response to, a steroid hormone that promotes

> > longevity. 

> > 

> > Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics,

> > University of California San Francisco, San

> > Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA. 

> > *   Present address: Exelixis, Inc., South San

> > Francisco, CA 94083, USA. 

> > 

> >    To whom correspondence should be addressed.

> > E-mail: ckenyon@biochem.ucsf.edu 

> > 

> > So, any thoughts? - Tom

> > ---

> > Tom Savin

> > 

> >

>

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> 

> 

> 

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