Re: PLANNED RADIATION EXPOSURES

[LIPTONW@detroitedison.com]

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations, 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, 
"Numerical Guides for Design Objectives and Limiting Conditions for Operation 
to Meet the Criterion 'As Low as is Reasonably Achievable' for Radioactive 
Material in Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactor Effluents," provides 
"guidelines" for what the NRC considers ALARA in the design of nuclear power 
plants.  These have been incorporated into the licensing documentation for 
individual plants.  For example, for Fermi 2, our limits are: 
 
A.  gaseous effluents: 
 
upper limit - cannot be exceeded: 
 
500 mrem/yr total body, 3000 mrem/yr skin from noble gases 
1500 mrem/yr to any organ from I-131, I-133, H-3 and particulates with > 8 day 
half life  at site boundary 
 
guidelines which can be exceeded but require reporting and justification 
 
5 mrad/quarter 10 mrad/yr gamma, 10 mrad/quarter 20 mrad/yr beta from noble 
gases at site boundary 
   
7.5 mrem/quarter 15 mrem/yr to any organ of identified member of public from 
I-131, I-133, H-3 and particulates with > 8 day half life 
 
liquids 
 
upper limit - cannot be exceeded 
 
concentrations at release point less than 10 CFR 20 Appendix B, Table 2, 
Column 2 values 
 
guidelines - can be exceeded, but require reporting and justification 
 
1.5 mrem/quarter 3 mrem/yr to total body 
 
5 mrem/quarter  10 mrem/yr to any organ 
 
0.06 mrem to total body, 0.2 mrem to any organ in any 31 day period 
 
In addition, we are limited to the EPA limit of 40 CFR 190 of 25 mrem/yr total 
body or any organ except thyroid and 75 mrem/yr to the thyroid from all 
uranium fuel cycle sources. 
 
In practical terms: 
 
(1) We have no problem maintaining our effluents within these guidelines. 
 
(2) They are so complex that it is a full time job tracking effluents and 
demonstrating compliance. 
 
(3) Since these guidelines are a small fraction of natural background 
exposure, demonstrating compliance involves a lot of sampling and modeling. 
 
Bill Lipton 
 
The opinions expressed are stricly my own. 
 
 
 



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Received: 11 Jun 1996 11:57:23                    Sent: 10 Jun 1996 17:29:25
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Subject: PLANNED RADIATION EXPOSURES 
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Dear Radsafers, 

PLANNED RADIATION EXPOSURES FOR NEW RADIATION INSTALLATIONS

ICRP 60 (or other recommendations) imposes Dose Limits for radiation
workers and members of the public, but do not suggest (apart from
the ALARA principle) what doses (for workers/public) should be allowed
when plans for new installations are submitted for approval.
My colleagues and I have been debating recently about this issue.

Is there any reference in the literature to the above ?  

Thanks,
 
Moshe Levita
Chief Radition Executive
Ministry of Health

E-mail: mlevita@netvision.net.il
 




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