Reference: secondary x-rays from ultra-sound

["Busby, Bruce" <bab1303@doh.wa.gov>]

It seems that this is not a new idea, here is a reference to 1996 journal 
article.  I found several more in Medline a search 
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/) 


Ref:  Ultrasound Med Biol 1996;22(9):1131-54 

Title: A review of in vitro bioeffects of inertial ultrasonic cavitation 
from a mechanistic perspective.

Author: Miller MW, Miller DL, Brayman AA
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and 
Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA. 

Abstract: 
This selective review of the biological effects of ultrasound presents a 
synopsis of our current understanding of how cells
insonated in vitro are affected by inertial cavitation from the 
standpoint of physical and chemical mechanisms. The focus of this
review is on the physical and chemical mechanisms of action of inertial 
cavitation which appear to be effective in causing
biological effects. There are several fundamental conditions which must 
be satisfied before cavitation-related bioeffects may
arise. First, bubbles must be created and then brought into proximity to 
cells. Exposure methods are critical in this regard, and
simple procedures such as rotation of a vessel containing the cells 
during exposure can drastically alter the results. Second,
once association is achieved between bubbles and cells, the former must 
interact with the latter to produce a bioeffect. It is not
certain that the inertial event is the prime mechanism by which cells are 
lysed; there is evidence that the turbulence associated
with bubble translation may cause lysis. Additionally, there appear to be 
chemical and other physical mechanisms by which
inertial cavitation may affect cells; these include the generation of 
biologically effective sonochemicals and the apparent
emission of ultraviolet (UV) and soft X-rays. The evidence for inertial 
cavitation occurring within cells is critically reviewed. 






--------------------------------------------------------------
Bruce A. Busby    -     Radiation Health Physicist
W- bab1303@doh.wa.gov      H-babusby@aol.com
Rad Prot. Div. - Dept. of Health - Washington State
7171 Cleanwater Lane, Bldg. 5   Olympia, WA  98504

---------------------------------------------------------------

************************************************************************
The RADSAFE Frequently Asked Questions list, archives and subscription
information can be accessed at http://www.ehs.uiuc.edu/~rad/radsafe.html