[ RadSafe ] dose RATE is the decisive variable

[Otto Raabe]

At 02:54 AM 9/1/2006, Rainer.Facius at dlr.de wrote:
>The recent paper elaborates a seemingly trivial principle, i.e., the 
>response of (not only nonlinear) systems capable of intrinsic 
>counteractive measures to compensate external stimuli is not primarily 
>determined by the stimulus' amplitude but rather by the ratio between the 
>stimulus' temporal gradient and the characteristic 'response' time of the 
>system's feed-back control systems - as long as its capacities are not 
>overstrained. Thus the rate is not a parameter - as conventionally it is 
>conceived of - but a primary independent variable.
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September 1, 2006

I have shown in several studies and reported in several publications that 
dose rate and time were the primary variables affecting cancer induction, 
and that cumulative dose is an unreliable indicator of cancer risk.

DOSE RATE EFFECTS FOR INTERNAL EMITTERS
Otto G. Raabe
Center for Health and the Environment
University of California, Davis

Raabe, O.G., S.A. Book and N.J. Parks (1980) Bone cancer from radium: 
Canine dose response explains data for mice and humans. Science 208: 61 64.

Raabe, O.G., N.J. Parks and S.A. Book. (1981) Dose-response relationships 
for bone tumors in beagles exposed to 226Ra and 90Sr. Health Physics 40: 
863 880.

Raabe, O.G., S.A. Book and N.J. Parks. (1983) Lifetime bone cancer 
dose-response relationships in beagles and people from skeletal burdens of 
226Ra and 90Sr. Health Physics 44: 33 48.

Raabe, O.G. (1984) Comparison of the carcinogenicity of radium and 
bone-seeking actinides. Health Physics 46: 1241 1258.

Raabe, O.G. (1986) Use of three-dimensional lognormal dose-response 
surfaces in lifetime studies of radiation-induced cancer. In Proceedings of 
the 22nd Hanford Life Sciences Symposium (Ed. R.C. Thompson and J.A. 
Mahaffey), Life-span Radiation Effects Studies in Animals: What Can They 
Tell Us? CONF 830951, pp. 320 342, National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Raabe, O.G. (1987) Three-dimensional dose-response models of competing 
risks and natural life span. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 8: 465 473.

Raabe, O.G. (1988) Three-dimensional dose-response models of risk for 
radiation injury and carcinogenesis. In Proceedings of the Seventh 
International Congress of the International Radiation Protection 
Association, Radiation Protection Practice, Volume 1, pp. 6 9.

Raabe, O.G. (1989) Scaling of fatal cancer risks from laboratory animals to 
man. Health Physics 57 (suppl.1): 419-432.

Raabe, O.G., L.S. Rosenblatt and R.A Schlenker. (1990) Interspecies scaling 
of risk for radiation-induced bone cancer. International Journal of 
Radiation Biology 57: 1047-1061.

Raabe, O.G. (1992) Influence of time and dose rate on cancer risk from 
internally deposited radionuclides, In Proceedings of the Eight 
International Congress of the International Radiation Protection 
Association, Worldwide Achievement in Public and Occupational Health 
Protection Against Radiation, Volume 1, pp. 718-721.

Raabe, O.G. (1994) Three-Dimensional Models of Risk from Internally 
Deposited Radionuclides, Chapter 30, pp. 663-656 in Internal Radiation 
Dosimetry (O.G. Raabe, Ed.), Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI.

Raabe, O.G., M.R. Culbertson, R.G. White, N.J. Parks, W.S. Spangler, and 
S.J. Samuels (1995) Lifetime Radiation Effects in Beagles Injected With 
226Ra As Young Adults, pp. 313 -318 in Health Effects of Internally 
Deposited Radionuclides: Emphasis on Radium and Thorium (G. van Kaick, A. 
Karaogou, and A.M. Kellerer, Eds.), World Scientific, Singapore.



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Prof. Otto G. Raabe, Ph.D., CHP
Center for Health & the Environment
University of California
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616
E-Mail: ograabe at ucdavis.edu
Phone: (530) 752-7754   FAX: (530) 758-6140
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