[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]

radsafe-digest V1 #31





radsafe-digest        Wednesday, April 11 2001        Volume 01 : Number 031







In this issue:



    Capture Gammas in Zinc Bromide windows

    Re: question about Vatican broadcasting

    Another great book by learned scholars

    Archives Again!

    Food Irradiation -USDA Input on Pending Decision

    Ireland says no Down's syndrome link to Sellafield

    Guest lecture by Dr. Zoya Ulberg, Ukraine

    History: Clifford G. Shull; Shared a Nobel Prize for atomic particle work

    6 JCO officials to plead guilty to negligence charges



----------------------------------------------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 14:15:57 +0000

From: richard.m.haley@bnfl.com

Subject: Capture Gammas in Zinc Bromide windows



Dear Radsafers,



Does anyone have any information or could point me to such info

on secondary gamma radiation from

neutron capture in Zinc bromide solution shield windows ?



Many thanks in advance.



Richard Haley





************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 15:23:00 +0200

From: Mauro Campoleoni <trentino@iol.it>

Subject: Re: question about Vatican broadcasting



Dear radsafers, and dear Ruth,



for what I know, I'm almost sure that here in Europe we use V/m for the 

electric field,

A/m for magnetic field and W/m2 for power density (...) at least here in Italy,

no strange units like inches or pints :-))



Jokes apart, we know that often the Press reports uncorrectly these units

preferring more usual words that can be closer to the reader's imagination.



Anyway, regarding the case of those Vatican antennas, we should consider 

the measurement as in the "plane wawe" case, so one can measure E (V/m) OR 

H (A/m)

OR P (W/m2), and E is much easier to measure. The limits in this case are:



       20 V/m for the electric field

       0.016 A/m for the magnetic field

       1 W/m2 for power density.



These limits are mathematically connected, so that they represent the same 

limit.

(For residential areas 6 V/m are recommended).



Friendly.



Mauro Campoleoni



************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 10:06:27 -0400

From: John M Priest Jr <priestj@DTEENERGY.COM>

Subject: Another great book by learned scholars



Another great book by learned scholars



Chernobyl Legacy: Insightful Book Reveals True

Heritage of Unprecedented Disaster



 http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/010410/nytu018.html





" In the foreword to Chernobyl Legacy, United Nations Secretary General

Kofi Annan calls for an increased awareness of the needs of the seven

million victims alive today, and for the prevention of future

disasters.Kofi Annan writes: ``Indeed, the legacy of Chernobyl will be

with us, and with our descendants, for generations to come.''



Actor Michael Douglas, a United Nations Messenger for Peace appointed by

Kofi Annan in 1998 whose father Kirk Douglas was born in Belarus

remarks: ``Now that I have a family of my own, I will never be able to

safely take my children to my father's hometown in Belarus to discover

and celebrate that part of our heritage.''



Jack Priest

Fermi 2

priestj@DTEenergy.com



************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 09:15:50 -0500

From: "Michael Stabin" <michael.g.stabin@VANDERBILT.EDU>

Subject: Archives Again!



The Radsafe archives are now once again available through the internet for

browsing. The address is:



http://www.vanderbilt.edu/radsafe/



My apologies for the delays in restoring this feature of the list. Your

humble moderator had a lot to learn and was a bit busy at times with other

duties. I should note that most of the real labor in setting this up and

restoring the old archives was done by the support staff here, who then

taught me the procedures. I'm certain that some messages in March were lost

during the transition (again my apologies), but I think that most of the

material is there (special thanks to Susan G for her help). I'm also certain

that the April archives will be delayed in appearing, as I will be on travel

from May 1-10. Generally I will try and get the new archives on line within

a few days of the end of each month, but in this case it will be a bit

later. Thanks again to all of you for your patience with this process.





Michael G. Stabin, PhD, CHP

Assistant Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences

Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences

Vanderbilt University

1161 21st Avenue South

Nashville, TN 37232-2675

Phone (615) 322-3190

Fax   (615) 322-3764

e-mail  michael.g.stabin@vanderbilt.edu



"Quantum Mechanics: The dreams stuff is made of"

- - Steven Wright





************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 10:49:57 EDT

From: SAFarberMSPH@CS.COM

Subject: Food Irradiation -USDA Input on Pending Decision



Radsafe:

Copied below is a rather long post from an anti-nuclear list server called=20

DOEWatch asking that this position statement be used along with the supplied=

=20

draft letter to communicate with the USDA opposing food irradiation. These=20

groups suggest that a reader's opinions be called or  faxed to USDA and that=

=20

this post be distributed widely to any group with a possible interest in thi=

s=20

matter.=20



Since some members of Radsafe may have their own opinion about the=20

theoretical hazards vs. actual benefits of  of food irradiation and in light=

=20

of recent media reports [last night's Dateline NBC] about food poisoning fro=

m=20

virulent strains of E. Coli and other bacteria causing 5,000 deaths per year=

=20

in US; 250,000 or so hospitalizations; and 76,000,000 cases of food poisonin=

g=20

overall according to CDC [my best recollection of numbers quoted on air],=20

perhaps a bit of balance is needed.



Stewart Farber

Consulting Scientist

Public Health Sciences

[802] 496-3356

email: SAFarberMSPH@cs.com

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Subj:    [DOEWatch] Dr Samuel Epstein On Food Irradiation & Call, Fax USDA N=

OW

Date:   4/10/01 5:13:30 AM Eastern Daylight Time

From:   smirnowb@ix.netcom.com (Bill Smirnow)

To: doewatch@yahoogroups.com (DOE-Watch List), downwinders@egroups.com=20

(Downwinders List), Nucnews@egroups.com (Nucnews List)







 Please  call Secretary Ann Veneman of USDA at: 202-720-2791  & Fax her at:

202-720-2166 [http://www.usda.gov] to regester your protests to food being

both irradiated and disengenously labelled. Please Call and/or Fax by

Wednesday April 11th. If you read or hear this after that day please STILL

call, write and/or fax her, often there are last minute extensions.





 -Bill Smirnow







 Date: Fri, 06 Apr 2001 17:06:47 -0400

From: "Noel Petrie" <npetrie@citizen.org>

Subject: Administration Proposal to Serve Irradiated Beef to School

        Children Poses Cancer, Genetic and Other Risks, Warns Samuel S.

        Epstein, M.D.

X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by pop.snet.net id

f36LEsT13611



Press Release



FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE



Administration Proposal to Serve Irradiated Beef to School Children Poses

Cancer, Genetic and Other Risks, Warns Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.



CHICAGO, April 6, 2001. The recent proposal by the Bush Administration to

allow irradiated ground beef into the National School-Lunch Program will

endanger the health of tens of millions of school children and should be

withdrawn immediately.



        "The government's assertion that irradiated food is safe for human

consumption does not even pass the laugh test," states Samuel S. Epstein,

M.D., emeritus professor of environmental medicine at University of Illinois

School of Public Health, Chicago. "Exposing America's school children to the

hazards of irradiated food is reckless negligence, compounded by the absence

of any warning to parents".



        Irradiated meat is a very different product than natural meat. This

is hardly surprising as the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approved

irradiation dosage of 450,000 rads is approximately 150 million times

greater than that of a chest x-ray. Apart from high levels of benzene, new

chemicals known as "unique radiolytic products" were identified in

irradiated meat

in U.S. Army tests in 1977 and recognized as carcinogenic. Later tests

identified other chemicals shown to induce genetic toxicity.



In sharp contrast to FDA's claims of safety, based on grossly inadequate

testing which fails to meet the agency's minimal standards and which were

explicitly rebutted by its own expert committees, there is well-documented

scientific evidence that eating irradiated meat poses grave risks of cancer

and genetic damage. Irradiated meat is also highly susceptible to

cross-contamination with food poisoning bacteria.



        Nevertheless, the meat and irradiation industries, with FDA's

complicity, are lobbying aggressively to sanitize the agency's weak labeling

requirements for irradiated meat and other food by eliminating the word

"irradiated" in favor of "electronic (or cold) pasteurization". This

euphemistic absurdity would circumvent consumer's fundamental right-to-know.



        Furthermore, irradiation masks grossly unsanitary conditions in

slaughterhouses and meat processing plants. Irradiation is thus a major

disincentive to decades-long overdue basic sanitary practices essential for

the prevention of Salmonella, E.coli O157:h7, and other pathogenic food

poisoning. While irradiation kills most bacteria in meat, pork and poultry,

it does nothing to prevent gross fecal and other contamination.



        Warnings on the hazards of irradiated food were endorsed in a recent

publication, in the world's leading peer-reviewed public health journal, by

a wide range of national and international experts including:



Dr. Neal Barnard, President, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine,

Washington, D.C.; Dr. John Gofman, Emeritus Professor, Molecular and

Radiation Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California; Dr. Jay

M. Gould, Director, Radiation and Public Health Project, U.S.A.; Dr. Vyvyan

Howard, Professor of Pathology, University of Liverpool, U.K.; Dr. David

Kriebel, Professor of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell,

Massachusetts; Dr. Marvin Legator, Professor of Preventive Medicine,

University of Texas, Galveston, Texas; Dr. E. Lichter, Professor of

Community Medicine, University of Illinois Medical School, Chicago,

Illinois; Dr. William Lijinsky, former Director, Chemical Carcinogenesis,

Frederick Cancer Research Center, Maryland; Dr. Sheldon Margen, Emeritus

Professor of Public Health Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley,

California;  Dr. Vicente Navarro, Professor of Health and Public Policy, The

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, Professor of Political and

Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Dr. Herbert Needleman,

Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Dr. Robert Rinehart, Emeritus Professor of

Biology, San Diego State University, California; Dr. George Tritsch, Cancer

Research Scientist, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State

Department of Health, New York; Dr. Quentin Young, past President, American

Public Health Association, Chicago, Illinois



CONTACT: Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., emeritus professor environmental and

occupational medicine, University of Illinois School of Public Health,

Chicago, and Chairman of the Cancer Prevention Coalition

Web site: http://www.preventcancer.com





 PLEASE FORWARD THIS VERY IMPORTANT MESSAGE TO ANY AND ALL GROUPS THAT YOU

HAVE ADDRESSES FOR. YOU CAN ALSO SEND A E-MAIL MESSAGE TO Jessica Vallette

Revere, jvrevere@citizen.org, TO INQUIRE ABOUT INDIVIDUAL SIGNATURES. ALSO

START LETTING YOUR SCHOOL SYSTEMS KNOW HOW OUTRAGED YOU ARE AT LEARNING

ABOUT THIS HAPHAZARD AND DANGEROUS SCHEME USING OUR CHILDREN AS GUINEA PIGS

AND THAT YOU DEMAND TO KNOW IF YOUR SCHOOL SYSTEM WILL BE ENGAGED IN SERVING

IRRADIATED MEATS.

Sal

##############################################################



  ----- Original Message -----

  From: "Noel Petrie" <NPETRIE@citizen.org>

  To: <foodcampaign@lists.citizen.org>

  Sent: Thursday, April 05, 2001 5:14 PM

  Subject: Sign-on to letter RE: Irradiation of school lunches



  Apologies for cross postings.



  Dear Fellow Anti-Food Irradiation Campaigners,



  Today the Bush administration indicated that the government will likely

  purchase irradiated meat for schools.  Please sign-on to this letter to

Ann

  Veneman, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, indicating

  this is unacceptable. Please send your  name and organization to Jessica

  Vallette Revere, jvrevere@citizen.org, by Wednesday, April 11.



  Thanks for all of your hard work and continued support.



  Sincerely,



  Jessica Vallette Revere

  Public Citizen Critical Mass Energy and Environment Program

  Food Irradiation Campaign

  202-454-5174

  www.citizen.org/cmep





  April 5, 2001



  Honorable Ann Veneman, Secretary

  U.S. Department of Agriculture

  14th Street and Independence Avenue, S.W.

  Washington, DC 20250





  Dear Secretary Veneman:



  We, the undersigned, are writing to oppose any action taken by the U.S.

  Department of Agriculture to allow the purchase of irradiated beef for the

  National School Lunch Program, and approving the use of irradiation to

treat

  meat that is used in that program.



  We strongly urge you to reverse your position for the following reasons:



  =B7 Notwithstanding the approval granted by the Food and Drug Administrati=

on

  and by your department, food irradiation has not been proven to be safe

for

  human consumption.  The Food and Drug Administration failed to follow its

  own protocol for approving irradiation as a food additive in accordance

with

  21 CFR 170.20 and 170.22.  Until the FDA completes its work on this

  technology, no further approval should be granted by any U.S. government

  agency on the use of irradiation.



  =B7 The World Health Organization is currently conducting studies on the

  harmful effects of 2-DCB, a chemical that is formed when meat is

irradiated.

  There has been at least one study conducted by German scientists that has

  shown that this chemical can cause significant DNA damage in rats

(citation

  of German study).  Until these studies are completed, the U.S. government

  should cease its approval of irradiation.



  =B7 Irradiating food causes it to lose key vitamins and vital enzymes, suc=

h

as

  vitamins A, B1, C, K, and E.



  =B7 Current labeling regulations do not require restaurants, hospitals or

  schools to inform consumers that food that they have prepared has been

  irradiated.  Students and parents will not be informed that the meat

  prepared in school cafeterias has been irradiated unless the school

  personnel take the initiative to inform them of this fact.  Your action is

  putting school districts in the unenviable position of deceiving parents

and

  students by not informing them that meats in the school lunch program have

  been irradiated.  They have a right to know what is being fed to them.



  =B7 Your proposed action fails to address the need for improved sanitary

  conditions in slaughtering and processing facilities, and in the handling

of

  food within school cafeterias.  It is a placebo.  Irradiating food will

not

  make it safer if the conditions under which it is slaughtered, processed

and

  prepared is unsanitary.



  Your proposed actions are irresponsible.  Instead of ensuring that the

food

  we feed consumers, and in particular, our children is safe and wholesome,

  you seem to be more interested in increasing industry profits and making

it

  easier for it to shirk its responsibility to consumers.   Your action is a

  bail-out of the food irradiation industry that is facing a skeptical

  consuming public about the safety of its products.  We strongly urge you

to

  reverse your position on this important public health issue.



  Sincerely,



  Your Group





  COMMUNITY NUTRITION INSTITUTE

  FARM SANCTUARY

  GLOBAL RESOURCE ACTION CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (GRACE)

  HUMANE FARMING ASSOCIATION

  NATIONAL CATHOLIC RURAL LIFE CONFERENCE

  ORGANIC CONSUMER ASSOCIATION

  PUBLIC CITIZEN' CRITICAL MASS ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM

  STANDING FOR TRUTH ABOUT RADIATION (STAR)

CT chapter CITIZENS AWARENESS NETWORK (CAN)





Rosemary Bassilakis & Sal Mangiagli

Citizens Awareness Network

54 Old Turnpike Road

Haddam, CT 06438



Ph/fax 860 345-2157

ctcan@snet.net

www.nukebusters.org









************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 07:17:49 -0700

From: "Sandy Perle" <sandyfl@EARTHLINK.NET>

Subject: Ireland says no Down's syndrome link to Sellafield



Index:



Ireland says no Down's syndrome link to Sellafield

Nuke Fuel Shipment Draws Protests

German nuclear activists disrupt train to France

IAEA Only few queries left on Iraqi nuke program

Some Answers to Our Energy Problems

EU raps Russia on nuclear cleanup, frets about NTV

Novoste chief says Beta-Cath study not total failure

===================================



Ireland says no Down's syndrome link to Sellafield

  

DUBLIN, April 10 (Reuters) - Ireland's nuclear protection body said 

on Tuesday it accepted a report that concluded a cluster of Down's 

syndrome births in the republic in the 1960s and 1970s were not 

linked to Britain's Sellafield reactor. 



The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland said there was no 

link between the cluster and a fire at Sellafield, then called 

Windscale, in 1957, but added it still had serious worries about the 

plant on Britain's northwest coast. 



"Ireland's objections to Sellafield are solidly based on the 

continuing radioactive contamination of the Irish Sea, and most of 

all on the risk to this country of serious consequences from a major 

accident at the plant," said RPII chief Tom O'Flaherty. 



"These objections are not undermined because the suggestion of a link 

with the Down's syndrome cluster has been disproved." 



A long-held theory suggested the births of Down's syndrome babies to 

six women who attended the same school in Dundalk, across the Irish 

Sea on the northeast coast of Ireland, was linked to radioactive 

contamination from the 1957 fire. 



However the RPII said a new study had revealed three of the women had 

left the school, and the Dundalk area, some months before the fire, 

thus disproving a Sellafield connection. 



Ireland has campaigned long and hard for the closure of the 

Sellafield plant. 

- -------------



Nuke Fuel Shipment Draws Protests



FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) - A disputed shipment of spent nuclear fuel 

bound for reprocessing in France got under way early Tuesday as small 

groups of protesters demonstrated against the transport. 



A container of waste left the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear plant, in the 

southern state of Bavaria, and was taken to nearby Gochsheim to be 

loaded onto a train, officials at the power station said. Some 200 

people gathered at Gochsheim to protest the shipment, a local anti-

nuclear group said. 



Waste containers also were expected to leave two other power plants 

Tuesday - from Philippsburg in Baden-Wuerttemberg state and Biblis in 

Hessen. 



Nine demonstrators were detained in Philippsburg, where protests had 

been banned, police said. In addition, seven Greenpeace activists 

were arrested on charges of failing to comply with authorities, 

police said. There were no immediate reports of trouble in Biblis. 



The trains, carrying a total of five containers of spent nuclear 

fuel, were to be coupled together at Woerth, on Germany's border with 

France. From there, they were to continue across France to the 

reprocessing plant at La Hague in Normandy. 



Protesters had threatened a repeat of last month's massive 

demonstrations over the return of reprocessed waste from France to 

the Gorleben dump in northern Germany, the traditional focus of anti-

nuclear protests. 



That transport was delayed 18 hours by protesters who defied a huge 

police operation and attached themselves to the track using an 

elaborate system of pipes and chains. Police had to clear many more 

from sit-down protests. 



The German government ``knows perfectly well that reprocessing in 

France is systematically contaminating the environment,'' complained 

Veit Buerger, a Greenpeace spokesman. 



This time, Baden-Wuerttemberg state police banned sit-in protests on 

the tracks, saying anyone caught trying to disrupt the convoy would 

be fined $70, plus a ``carry-away fee'' between $29 and $57 - 

depending on whether it takes one or two officers to haul them off. 



On Monday night, 13 activists from environmentalist group Greenpeace 

were arrested after they occupied a wagon due to carry the waste near 

the southern town of Wuerzburg. Another 15 people occupied a bridge 

near the town of Schweinfurt, Greenpeace said. 



Germany sends spent nuclear fuel from its power plants to France for 

reprocessing under contracts that oblige it to take back the waste. 

Three years ago, the transports between France and Germany were 

halted after high levels of radiation were found to be leaking from 

the trains. 



Protesters say the shipments are still unsafe and want Germany's 

nuclear plants shut down quickly. They aim to make the transports so 

expensive that the government will be forced to halt them. 



The police presence to protect Tuesday's transport was costing the 

state of Baden-Wuerttemberg $917,000, the state interior ministry 

said. 



The government last year struck a deal to scrap the country's 19 

nuclear plants, though the shutdown could still take well over 20 

years to complete. 

- -------------



German nuclear activists disrupt train to France

  

SENNFELD, Germany, April 10 (Reuters) - German anti-nuclear activists 

disrupted a shipment of spent nuclear fuel to France on Tuesday by 

chaining themselves to the rails near a nuclear power plant in the 

southern state of Bavaria. 



Police said four Greenpeace activists who chained themselves to the 

tracks near Sennfeld and four others hanging from ropes from a 

pedestrian bridge were delaying the transport of the first waste 

Germany was sending to France for reprocessing in four years. 



Police said they were using special welding equipment to free the 

demonstrators. 



"It will probably take a while for us to clear the tracks," a 

spokesman said. Six demonstrators have been taken into custody, 

police said. 



Protesters were trying to stop a container carrying nuclear waste 

from a power plant in Bavaria that began its journey to a waste 

reprocessing centre in France. The container was first transported by 

truck and accompanied by a police escort from the Grafenrheinfeld 

power plant to a rail station in Gochsheim. 



Several hundred anti-nuclear activists stood by at the train station 

where the container was transferred to the rails amid a police 

presence of hundreds of German police. But they were unable to stop 

the demonstrators in the nearby town of Sennfeld. 



Three further containers carrying spent nuclear fuel from the 

Philipsburg power plant in Baden-Wuerttemberg and another container 

from the Biblis plant in Hesse were due to join the rail transport in 

Woerth in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate before it heads for the 

French reprocessing plant in La Hague. 



Authorities said the Philipsburg and Biblis plants had nearly 

exhausted their temporary storage capacity and would be forced to 

shut down soon if the waste was not removed. 



Anti-nuclear demonstrators had clashed with police two weeks ago when 

Germany took back the first cargo of reprocessed waste from France 

since the German government banned the shipments in 1998 over 

concerns about radioactive leaks and huge anti-nuclear protests. 



Authorities employed 20,000 police costing the state around $50 

million to protect the shipment on its way from France back to a 

storage facility in the northern German town of Gorleben. Protesters 

briefly halted the train by chaining themselves to the tracks. 



German anti-nuclear activists have announced they will try to block 

the train coming from Philippsburg in southwestern Germany before it 

crosses into France on Tuesday evening. 



The train carrying nuclear waste from Germany to a reprocessing plant 

in northern France this week will pass through the suburbs of Paris, 

French anti-nuclear groups said. 



The train, due to traverse France in the early hours of Wednesday, 

will pass through Bobigny, a suburb so close to the capital that it 

is on the Paris metro network, they said. 

- --------------



IAEA Only few queries left on Iraqi nuke program



UNITED NATIONS, April 10 (Reuters) - The U.N. nuclear watchdog agency 

said it had only a few remaining questions about Iraq's clandestine 

atomic programs and these might be clarified if inspectors were 

permitted back into the country. 



In a report to the U.N. Security Council on Monday, the International 

Atomic Energy Agency, however, said inspectors first needed to verify 

no new programs had emerged since they were last in Iraq in late 

1998. 



Iraq has barred U.N. scrutiny of its weapons of mass destruction 

programs since U.N. arms experts left on the eve of a December 1998 

U.S.-British bombing raid, conducted to punish Baghdad for not 

cooperating with the inspectors. 



If inspectors were permitted to return, the IAEA would be able "to 

investigate the few remaining questions and concerns that relate to 

Iraq's past clandestine nuclear program, along with any other aspect 

of this program that may come to its knowledge," IAEA Director-

General Mohamed ElBaradei wrote. 



"As long as such verification activities are not reinstated, the 

agency will remain unable to provide any measure of assurance with 

regard to Iraq's compliance with its obligations," ElBaradei said in 

his six-month report. 



The Vienna-based IAEA is responsible for keeping track of Iraq's 

nuclear materials, while the new U.N. Monitoring, Verification and 

Inspection Commission, known as UNMOVIC, is in charge of monitoring 

its chemical, biological and ballistic weapons programs. 



"The agency remains prepared to resume its verification activities in 

Iraq under the relevant Security Council resolutions at short 

notice," ElBaradei said. 



IRAQ UNDER GULF WAR SANCTIONS 



In April 1999, the IAEA came close to giving Iraq a clean bill of 

health after years of criticism that the agency had failed to detect 

Iraq's clandestine nuclear weapons projects. 



Baghdad launched a crash program to test its first nuclear bomb using 

highly enriched uranium after it invaded Kuwait in 1990. The target 

date was April 1991 but U.S. planes during the Gulf War earlier that 

year bombed many facilities. 



Iraq has been under Security Council sanctions since the August 1990 

invasion of Kuwait. Inspections to verify it no longer has weapons of 

mass destruction programs are a key demand before the embargoes can 

be suspended. 



Baghdad has repeatedly rejected a December 1999 council resolution 

that links an easing of sanctions to allowing the inspectors to 

return. Iraq says it has complied with council demands and that the 

1999 resolution offered little relief in lifting the sanctions. 



Iraq, however, did allow IAEA experts to visit in January and check 

on whether enriched, natural or depleted uranium and other materials 

in its atomic power reactors were being diverted for weapons 

purposes. Such visits are required by the Nuclear Nonproliferation 

Treaty, which Iraq signed in 1968. 



ElBaradei said the inspectors were able to ascertain that nuclear 

material remaining in Iraq "is subject to safeguards." But he said 

that annual visits could not substitute for the verification required 

by the Security Council. 

- --------------



Some Answers to Our Energy Problems

  

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--April 9, 2001--"If you think 

deregulation of the airline and telecommunications industries was a 

big deal, those pale in comparison to deregulation of the energy 

industry--and we're right in the middle of it." 



So said Dr. Charles W. Pryor, Jr., President and Chief Executive 

Officer of the Westinghouse Electric Company, referring to the much 

larger global, electricity supply industry. Pryor was visiting the 

University of Virginia's Darden Graduate School of Business 

Administration to speak to MBA students and to a group of his own top-

level managers at a Darden executive education custom program. 



Having worked in the nuclear power industry for most of his career, 

Pryor caught the attention of Professor John Colley's corporate 

governance class when he addressed the current energy situation: 

"There must be a balance between environmental concerns and 

maintaining the quality of life Americans have grown to expect. I 

don't think they want to give up their quality of life because we 

can't get it right in supplying electricity. On a 90-degree day in 

July, they won't want to turn off their air conditioning to cut down 

on carbon emissions. 



"It's a dilemma to be in the most powerful country in the world and 

not be able to adequately supply consumers," he said. According to 

Pryor, the power we use in the world today would have to double or 

triple to accommodate the number of people who will need it over the 

next 50 years. 



Limiting air pollution and greenhouse gases--a goal of countries 

worldwide--without the use of nuclear power would be difficult, he 

says. In fact, the U.S. Nuclear Energy Institute estimates that "the 

amount of greenhouse gases saved each year by nuclear power plants in 

the U.S. equates to taking nearly 100 million cars off the road." 



Pryor cited California's emphasis on energy conservation, and 

although he supports that philosophy, he does not believe it alone is 

feasible, especially with many of California's utility companies near 

bankruptcy. He said, "Andy Grove (co-founder and Chairman of Intel) 

has said we need to build a nuclear facility, so maybe that will make 

a difference out there." 



Pryor says that more than 100 nuclear plants supply about 20 percent 

of U.S. electricity (Virginia Power is one of the largest users of 

nuclear power) and more than 430 plants supply 17 percent of the 

world's electric power. The ability of nuclear power to compete in 

the marketplace will depend on its ability to be cost-competitive, 

and he believes nuclear plants can compete with alternative 

generating sources. He added that the biggest impact on the industry 

is customers pushing for lower costs. 



With short-and-long term economic considerations of the population in 

mind, Westinghouse is investing in new nuclear technologies that will 

be even safer and more economical than those currently in operation. 

Pryor told the students about a newly created position in one energy 

company, called the CRO - Chief Risk Officer - who looks out for all 

potential risks to a business, such as financial, environmental and 

operational. He believes this is a new trend in the industry and is a 

brilliant idea that may spread to other businesses as well. When 

asked what he thinks is required to supply adequate utilities in the 

U.S., he said, "Ten large, base-load power plants would be a good 

start, if a little on the light side." 



Pryor concluded his remarks with some advice for the group of future 

CEO wannabes. "You show me a CEO who hasn't gone in the wrong 

direction, and I'll show you a CEO who isn't doing a very good job. 

In the U.S., we're learning to tolerate mistakes for the sake of 

taking immediate action to beat out a competitor. If you are 

constantly analyzing, you can't get ahead in a timely manner. 

Americans have grown comfortable with making timely decisions." 



Professor Colley said the goal of his course is to change behavior. 

"In classes, CEO's of major corporations add reality and an 

opportunity for students to measure what the faculty, which are 

mostly academics, are telling them," he said. "Charlie Pryor's talk 

was especially interesting, given the current crisis in energy supply 

and demand," Colley added. 



Historically, either Westinghouse or its licensees have provided more 

than 40 percent of the world's operating commercial nuclear plants. 

With the integration of the ABB nuclear businesses into Westinghouse 

(in April 2000), that percentage has grown to approximately 50 

percent, clearly giving Westinghouse the world's largest installed 

base of operating plants. 

- --------------



EU raps Russia on nuclear cleanup, frets about NTV



LUXEMBOURG, April 10 (Reuters) - The European Union accused Russia on 

Tuesday of dragging its feet over plans to clean up its environment 

and said Moscow must work much harder to attract sorely needed 

foreign investment. 



During talks in Luxembourg with Russian Deputy Prime Minister Viktor 

Khristenko, senior EU officials also expressed concerns about press 

freedom amid a fierce ownership row over Russia's sole independent TV 

channel, NTV. 



European Commissioner for External Affairs, Chris Patten, said Moscow 

was holding up plans to release European, U.S. and Japanese money to 

tackle some of its environmental problems, especially at nuclear 

facilities in northern Russia. 



"We are profoundly disappointed by the discussions last week (in 

Berlin), which actually went backwards," Patten told a news 

conference also attended by Khristenko and Swedish Foreign Minister 

Anna Lindh. 



Patten was referring to the so-called Multilateral Nuclear 

Environmental Program in Russia (MNEPR), which aims to tap foreign 

capital to tackle problems like rusting hulks of Russian nuclear 

submarines in the Barents Sea. 



Diplomats said the main problems centred on taxation and liability 

for the foreign firms involved. The EU had hoped to wrap up the issue 

by the time of an EU-Russia summit in Moscow in May but diplomats 

said that now looked unlikely. 



They said Russia appeared unhappy about some of the conditions donors 

had attached to the future investments. 



LURING INVESTORS 



Patten said Moscow had to do more to persuade all investors that 

Russia was a safe and reliable place to do business in. 



"If we are to see an increase in EU investment, Russia has to work 

harder in the energy sector and others," he said. 



Patten added that the EU had been heartened by comments in favour of 

market reforms by President Vladimir Putin in his recent state-of-the-

nation address. 



The EU wants Russia to liberalise its tax regime for foreign 

investors, to simplify customs procedures, enforce contractual rights 

and introduce international accounting standards. 



Despite the criticisms, Khristenko gave an upbeat assessment of EU-

Russia relations, saying they had "never been so intense." 



"This pragmatic spirit should be the basis of our future relations," 

he said. 



The Russian side raised some concerns about the EU's plans to take in 

new members from ex-communist central and eastern Europe but said 

that, handled correctly, enlargement could provide new economic 

opportunities for Moscow too. 



Khristenko said the EU accounted for 35 percent of all Russian trade 

and the 12 candidate countries a further 16 percent, making the 

region by far its biggest market. 



NTV, CHECHNYA 



Lindh, whose country holds the EU's rotating presidency, repeated 

European worries about media freedom in Russia and about the human 

rights situation in Chechnya. 



State-dominated gas giant Gazprom recently ousted the founder of 

independent television channel NTV and his key aides in a boardroom 

coup branded illegal by the network's staff. Thousands have protested 

against the takeover in the biggest street protests of Putin's year-

old presidency. 



"On NTV, we have called for pluralist laws of ownership. We fear this 

(latest) development will decrease pluralism for owners," Lindh told 

Reuters. She also accused Russia of continuing to block humanitarian 

aid for civilians in war-devastated Chechnya, where Moscow says it is 

fighting radical Islamic separatists. 



"We had lots of promising answers (on Chechnya), but we responded 

that unfortunately we have heard these promises before and have not 

seen any improvement on the ground," she said. 

- ---------------



Novoste chief says Beta-Cath study not total failure



CHICAGO, April 9 (Reuters) - Novoste Corp. <NOVT.O> Chief Executive 

William Hawkins told analysts on Monday that his company's Beta-Cath 

radiation therapy still holds some promise for expanded use in first-

time stent patients, despite last month's disappointing study 

results. 



The Norcross, Ga.-based medical device company already markets the 

Beta-Cath radiation therapy to prevent reclogging of arteries propped 

open with wire-mesh tubes, or stents, a condition known as "instent 

restenosis." The company had sought to expand the therapy's use to 

patients receiving a stent for the first time, but the technology 

failed to meet the study's main objectives. 



Investors took the news hard, slicing the company's share price 

nearly in half, to $17.06, in March 19 trade on the Nasdaq market. 



At the Robinson-Humphrey Institutional conference in Atlanta, Hawkins 

told analysts the tube, or train, used in the Beta-Cath study to 

deliver radiation was too short, allowing the artery to reclose at 

the edges. Had it been longer, he said, the study may have proven 

more successful. 



In the presentation, which was broadcast over the Internet, Hawkins 

said the areas of the artery treated with radiation responded to the 

treatment. "We used a too-short source train that is easily 

solvable," he said. 



Novoste has filed for U.S. Food & Drug Administration approval for 

two longer source trains, a 40mm version and a 60mm version. He said 

FDA approval for the 40mm version is expected any day, and approval 

of the 60mm version expected in the second half of the year. 



The company plans to conduct a new study using the longer source 

trains later this year, Hawkins said. 



Novoste received FDA approval in November to use radiation to treat 

instent restenosis, a $500 million market. Adding first-time stent 

users would have expanded the market for Novoste's treatment to $1 

billion to $2 billion, according to estimates from Banc of America 

analyst Kurt Kruger. 



In the United States, the company faces competition from Johnson & 

Johnson <JNJ.N>, which markets a similar therapy. 



"They've learned a lot," Kruger said of the Beta-Cath study, adding 

that the data in that study were gathered two to three years ago. "It 

might take them two years from now to get approval for that kind of 

indication," he said. 



Hawkins said the Beta-Cath study also indicated that instent 

restenosis is a much larger market than previously expected, with 

vessels treated with stents reclogging in some 30 percent to 40 

percent of cases, compared with the current 20 percent to 25 percent 

industry estimates. 



- ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sandy Perle					Tel:(714) 545-0100 / (800) 548-5100   				    	

Director, Technical				Extension 2306 				     	

ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Service		Fax:(714) 668-3149 	                   		    

ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			E-Mail: sandyfl@earthlink.net 				                           

ICN Plaza, 3300 Hyland Avenue  		E-Mail: sperle@icnpharm.com          	          

Costa Mesa, CA 92626



Personal Website: http://sandyfl.nukeworker.net

ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Website: http://www.dosimetry.com



************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 12:46:19 -0400

From: Susan Gawarecki <loc@ICX.NET>

Subject: Guest lecture by Dr. Zoya Ulberg, Ukraine



This may be of interest to those of you in the southeast.

- --Susan Gawarecki



The Joint Institute for Energy and Environment (JIEE), the Waste

Management Research and Education Institute (WMREI), and the Center for

Environmental Biotechnology (CEB) are co-sponsoring a lecture by a

visiting scientist from the Ukraine. The lecture will be held in the

University of Tennessee Conference Center (4th Floor) at 600 Henley

Street in Knoxville at 3:00pm on April 17, 2001. There will be a

reception following the presentation.



Dr. Zoya Ulberg is Professor and Director of the Institute of

Biocolloidal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. She

will be delivering two reports. One will be on the public communication

about Chernobyl, the disaster consequences: natural, medical, social and

financial. This report is intended for a wide audience. The second

report will deal with the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy

metals and radionuclides.



Her academic education consists of engineering and chemistry degrees

from Kiev Polytechnic Institute in 1959 and post-graduate work from the

Department of Colloid  Chemistry at the Institute of Colloid and Water

Chemistry, National  Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 1966. She

earned a Doctor of Sciences degree in Chemistry in 1975 from the

Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences

of Ukraine where she specialized  in colloid chemistry.



Dr. Ulberg is the author of two USSR Discoveries: "The phenomenon of

selective interaction between microorganisms and particles of minerals

and metals," and "The  phenomenon of diffusiophoresis--movement of

colloid particles in a field of electrolyte concentration gradient." She

is the author of 250 scientific papers and 4 monographs.



You may park in the new Locust Street Parking Garage across the street

from the Conference Center. It is in the block bordered by Locust

Street, Union Avenue, Walnut Street, and Clinch Avenue. The entrance to

the parking garage is on Walnut Street. From Henley Street you will turn

onto Church Street (one way) going toward downtown. Two blocks up you

will turn left onto Walnut (one way). Go across Clinch Avenue to about

the middle of the next block and turn left into the parking garage.

Bring your parking ticket to the Conference Center and you will be

issued a parking sticker which entitle you to free parking. Please note

that there are several parking garages in the downtown area. We can only

validate parking for the Locust Street Garage.



Please contact Jane Johns (phone: 974-3939, e-mail: jjohns1@utk.edu) if

you plan to attend.



We look forward to seeing you on April 17 at 3:00pm in the University of

Tennessee Conference Center (4th Floor) at 600 Henley Street, Knoxville.

- -- 

.....................................................

Susan L. Gawarecki, Ph.D., Executive Director

Oak Ridge Reservation Local Oversight Committee

                       -----                       

A schedule of meetings on DOE issues is posted on our Web site

http://www.local-oversight.org/meetings.html - E-mail loc@icx.net

.....................................................

************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2001 19:35:17 -0700

From: "Michael P. Grissom" <mpg1@coastside.net>

Subject: History: Clifford G. Shull; Shared a Nobel Prize for atomic particle work



radsafe'ers,



The following obituary is from an item that was

in the April 4, 2001 issue of the San Jose

Mercury News:



- ----------

Clifford G. Shull



Shared a Nobel Prize

for atomic particle work



MEDFORD, Mass[achusetts, USA] -- Clifford G.

Shull, a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in

physics in 1994, died Saturday [March 31, 2001]

after a brief illness. He was 85.



Mr. Shull's Nobel Prize, which he shared with

Professor Bertram S. Brockhouse of McMaster

University in Canada, was awarded for pioneering

work in neutron scattering -- a technique that

reveals where atoms are within a material, just

as ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles

are in the dark.



The ideas in Mr. Shull's work have been used

to study ceramic superconductors and the

structure of viruses.



Mr. Shull was a professor emeritus at the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.



[Compiled from Mercury News wire services]





- ----------

An expanded obituary may be viewed on the MIT

Web site at:



  http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2001/shull.html

************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2001 07:32:38 -0700

From: "Sandy Perle" <sandyfl@EARTHLINK.NET>

Subject: 6 JCO officials to plead guilty to negligence charges



Index:



6 JCO officials to plead guilty to negligence charges

Lithuania asks for continued presence of nuclear expert

Nuclear Waste Arrives in France

Nuclear Shipment Reaches French Destination Late After Protests

TEPCO to defer use of MOX fuel at Niigata nuclear plant

Calif. nuclear power seen unscathed by energy crisis

FDA OKs Irradiation for Animal Feed

USEC's Rise This Year Goes Beyond Obvious Reason: David Wilson

Cell-Phone-Radiation Device SafeTShield(TM) Nationwide

=======================================



6 JCO officials to plead guilty to negligence charges



MITO, Japan, April 11 (Kyodo) - Six employees of JCO Co., indicted on 

charges of negligence resulting in death over Japan's worst nuclear 

accident in 1999, plan to plead guilty in the first hearing of their 

case scheduled for April 23, sources close to the workers said 

Wednesday. 



Kenzo Koshijima, 54, who headed the uranium processing plant in 

Tokaimura, Ibaraki Prefecture, and the five other JCO workers will 

likely enter guilty pleas to most of the charges in the first hearing 

at the Mito District Court, the sources said. 



The six allegedly allowed employees to make a uranium solution in the 

Sept. 30, 1999, accident at the plant, 120 kilometers northeast of 

Tokyo, following an unauthorized manual. 



JCO, which has been indicted on charges of compiling the manual 

without reporting to the government, will also plead guilty to most 

of the charges in the hearing, the sources said. 



The accident and the subsequent nuclear fission chain reaction 

occurred when workers poured an excessive amount of uranium solution 

into a processing tank using buckets, bypassing several required 

steps, prosecutors say. 



Operators of nuclear facilities are required by law to obtain 

approval by the prime minister before changing production methods. 



Two of the workers -- Hisashi Ouchi and Masato Shinohara -- died in 

December 1999 and April last year, respectively, from radiation 

sickness. 



Defense lawyers are planning to argue in an attempt to seek leniency 

for the six workers that the defendants were not deeply involved in 

illegal procedures, the sources said. 



The trial is expected to proceed at a fast pace, with the court 

likely to hand down rulings in a year, they said. 



The lawyers are not planning to refer to possible negligence by the 

two workers killed in the accident, they said. 



At least 439 people, including 207 residents of Tokaimura, were 

exposed to radiation mostly in minor doses as a result of the 

accident. The six workers were arrested in October last year. 

- ------------



Lithuania asks for continued presence of nuclear expert



TOKYO, April 11 (Kyodo) -



Lithuania asked Japan on Wednesday to extend the assignment of a 

nuclear safety expert dispatched to the Baltic state to ensure safety 

at its nuclear power plants, Japanese Foreign Ministry officials 

said. 



Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus made the request to Japanese 

Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori in an hourlong meeting at the premier's 

official residence in Tokyo, the officials said. 



Mori told Adamkus that Japan will consider extending the expert's 

stay, whose third three-year mission expires in July, the officials 

said. The specialist helps prevent mishaps at nuclear power reactors 

built by the Soviet Union. 



The two leaders also agreed to promote bilateral relations in the 

political, economic and cultural fields, emphasizing that this year, 

which marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic 

ties between the two countries, is an ideal time to reinforce the 

relationship, the officials said. 



They shared the view that the two countries should make efforts to 

realize a visit by a high-ranking Japanese government official to 

Lithuania by the end of the year and to support the reaffirmation of 

bilateral business exchanges, according to the officials. 



In the cultural sector, Mori mentioned that a Japanese ''taiko'' drum 

performance is scheduled in Lithuania later this month and a Kabuki 

troupe featuring noted Kabuki actor Ichimura Manjiro will travel 

there in the fall. 



Manjiro attended a banquet which Mori hosted for Adamkus later in the 

evening. 



Mori indicated Japan's support for Lithuania's bid to join the 

European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, saying he 

expects the country's membership in the groups would lead to further 

peace and stability in Europe, the officials said. 



In a separate meeting earlier Wednesday, Foreign Minister Yohei Kono 

agreed with Lithuanian government officials to promote cultural 

exchanges between the two countries, the officials said. 



Kono told Lithuanian Foreign Minister Antanas Valionis, Economy 

Minister Eugenijus Gentvilas and Culture Minister Gintautas Kevisas 

about plans for Japanese art performances this year in Lithuania, 

including the taiko and Kabuki tours. 



Kevisas told Kono the Lithuania Institute, recently created by the 

government to introduce Lithuanian culture to foreign countries, aims 

to promote understanding and appreciation of the country's culture 

around the world, including in Japan, the officials said. 



The culture minister added that Lithuania is also keen to learn more 

about Japanese culture and also hopes more Japanese tourists will 

visit his country, according to the officials. 



The three ministers are accompanying Adamkus on a five-day official 

working visit that began Monday. 

- ---------------



Nuclear Waste Arrives in France



VALOGNES, France (AP) Apr 11 - A train packed with 24 tons of German 

nuclear waste arrived in northern France on Wednesday, encountering 

only small protests a day after hundreds of activists were arrested 

for protesting the shipments in Germany. 



The shipment to a reprocessing plant is the first of its kind in 

three years. Transport of nuclear waste from Germany to France was 

suspended in 1998 when radiation was found to be leaking from a 

container. 



Some 150 riot police stood by as the train pulled into the station at 

Valognes, where the waste was to be inspected before being 

transported by truck to the plant in La Hague, about 25 miles away. 



A dozen Greenpeace activists blocked the train in the northern city 

of Caen, and four protesters chained themselves to the tracks. Police 

quickly removed them. 



Before dawn, as the train rumbled through the western Paris suburb of 

Yvelines, some 50 protesters blocked its path and caused an hour-long 

delay, LCI television reported. 



The train, carrying five containers of radioactive waste, set out 

Tuesday from Woerth, in western Germany. 



The small protests in France contrasted with those in Germany, where 

2,000 police guarded one of the nuclear plants, at Philippsburg in 

Baden-Wuerttemberg state, and arrested hundreds of protesters. 



Near the border crossing, several activists chained themselves to the 

rail, delaying the train by an hour. 



Germany has traditionally sent spent nuclear fuel from its power 

plants to France for reprocessing under contracts that oblige it to 

take back the resultant waste. 



Protesters say the shipments are unsafe and want Germany's nuclear 

plants shut down quickly. They aim to make the transports so 

expensive that the government and power companies will be forced to 

halt them. 



The German government last year struck a deal to scrap the country's 

19 nuclear plants, but the shutdown could still take over 20 years. 

- ---------------



Nuclear Shipment Reaches French Destination Late After Protests

  

Paris, April 11 (Bloomberg) -- A train carrying the first nuclear-

waste shipment from Germany to France in three years arrived at its 

destination for reprocessing at a Cogema SA plant. 



About 50 protesters who said they oppose France becoming ``the 

world's nuclear wastebin'' blocked the train for several minutes as 

it passed through the northwestern French town of Caen, and the 

shipment arrived more than two hours behind schedule at a rail 

terminal 20 miles from the plant at La Hague. 



About 250 labor union members provided security at the terminal 

though no protesters showed up there, said Yves Gautier, a spokesman 

for Cogema, the world's largest processor of nuclear fuel. 



Germany suspended nuclear-waste shipments to France in 1998 after 

leaks were discovered in some containers. Berlin and Paris agreed in 

January to resume shipments of the waste, which comes from German 

nuclear-power plants and is sent abroad for reprocessing because 

Germany has no such facilities of its own. 



Hundreds of activists in Germany yesterday protested as the waste 

left three plants. The French protesters expressed satisfaction that 

even though they did not stop the train, they were able to call 

public attention to the event. 



``The mission was accomplished, and we're very, very happy,'' said 

Yannick Rousselet, a spokesman for Greenpeace. 

- -------------



TEPCO to defer use of MOX fuel at Niigata nuclear plant



TOKYO, April 11 (Kyodo) - Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) will put 

off plans to use plutonium-uranium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel in a 

thermal reactor at its Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant in 

Niigata Prefecture due to opposition from locals, company sources 

said Wednesday. 



The utility had planned to begin the project next Tuesday at the 

start of a periodical plant inspection. But the Niigata prefectural 

government has been reluctant to host Japan's first nuclear plant to 

use MOX fuel. 



The postponement follows TEPCO's decision late last month to postpone 

implementation of a similar project at its Fukushima No. 1 nuclear 

plant in Fukushima Prefecture. 



MOX, a pellet mixture of uranium dioxide and plutonium dioxide, is 

designed to be burned in light-water reactors, a process known as 

plutonium thermal use. Plutonium is obtained by reprocessing spent 

nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants. 



The electricity industry plans to use MOX fuel in 16-18 reactors by 

2010. The project was originally scheduled to be launched in 1999. 



TEPCO will use only uranium fuel during its regular check of the 

Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, but will use MOX fuel if it gains local 

consent, the sources said. The inspection is to finish July 13. 



Fukushima Gov. Eisaku Sato, however, recently said the government 

must take at least a year to review its energy policy, including the 

use of MOX fuel, making an early start of the plan difficult. 

- -------------



Calif. nuclear power seen unscathed by energy crisis

  

SAN FRANCISCO, April 10 (Reuters) - California's energy crisis and 

the bankruptcy of its biggest utility have not compromised the safety 

or value of the state's giant nuclear power plants, federal officials 

said on Tuesday. 



"Really, not a lot has changed since January when the financial 

pressures first began to show themselves," Ellis Merschoff, western 

regional administrator for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 

said in a telephone interview. 



Merschoff was speaking to Reuters from San Luis Obispo after briefing 

local media there following an NRC inspection of the nearby Diablo 

Canyon nuclear power facility. 



The NRC, headquartered in Washington D.C., is responsible for 

ensuring the safe use of radioactive material in power generation, 

medicine and science, and conducts rigorous inspections of all 

nuclear power plants nationwide. 



The giant Diablo Canyon power station, whose two reactors generate 

2,200 megawatts, is owned and operated by Pacific Gas and Electric 

Co., the utility subsidiary of San Francisco-based PG&E Corp. 

<PCG.N>. 



Pacific Gas and Electric filed for bankruptcy protection Friday after 

running up a debt of $9 billion buying electricity for customers in 

the state's volatile wholesale power market. 



California's 1996 deregulation law blocks investor-owned utilities 

from billing retail customers for the full cost of wholesale power, 

which has jumped tenfold over the past 10 months on soaring demand 

and a severe supply shortage. 



Merschoff said the NRC sent a letter to California Gov. Gray Davis 

shortly after hearing of PG&E's bankruptcy to "reassure the governor 

that an independent set of eyes was watching the nuclear facilities" 

and would beef up inspections, if necessary. 



California has two more reactors at the San Onofre station in San 

Clemente. The San Onofre units, with a total generating capacity of 

2,170 megawatts, are operated by Southern California Edison, the 

utility subsidiary of Rosemead, Calif.-based Edison International 

<EIX.N>. 



Southern California Edison, like PG&E, is also struggling to stay 

afloat in a sea of debt, though a deal struck Monday with Gov. Davis 

in which the state agreed to buy the utility's share of the power 

grid for $2.76 billion will likely give it enough cash to fend off 

bankruptcy. 



The Diablo Canyon and San Onofre nuclear plants together generate 

enough electricity to serve about four million homes. 



Merschoff said recent NRC visits to the two plants convinced 

inspectors that the two troubled utilities still have enough money to 

ensure the continued safe operation of the reactors. 



"Nuclear power plants are extremely valuable assets to the utilities 

and the state of California," he said. 



Maintaining those plants' financially and operationally will be 

critical to California over the next few months as the state 

scrambles to find precious megawatts for its overstrained grid. 



With four days of rolling blackouts already behind it this winter and 

dire warnings from state energy officials of more to come, California 

will need to keep every available power plant on line to minimize 

outages this summer, when electricity demand for air conditioning 

soars to its annual peak. 



Nuclear power accounts for about 16 percent of all electricity used 

by California's 34 million residents. 

- --------------



FDA OKs Irradiation for Animal Feed



WASHINGTON (AP) - A process to treat animal feed with radiation to 

kill bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. 



The agency said Tuesday that the process was approved to kill the 

food-borne bacteria salmonella in all animal feed, feed ingredients 

and pet treats. 



The process, called irradiation, exposes food products to ionizing 

radiation, which causes chemical changes similar to conventional 

cooking or other preservation methods. The technique does not cause 

the food to become radioactive. 



Irradiation was earlier approved for use on a variety of human foods.



``Extending this process to animal feed and feed ingredients will not 

only increase the safety of the feed for the animals consuming it, 

but to people who handle animal feed and feed ingredients,'' said an 

FDA statement. ``Irradiation is a useful tool for reducing disease 

risk.'' 



The process approved was proposed in a petition by Sterigenics 

International of Fremont, Calif. 



On the Net: 



Food and Drug Administration: http://www.fda.gov/ 

- ---------------



USEC's Rise This Year Goes Beyond Obvious Reason: David Wilson

  

Princeton, New Jersey, April 11 (Bloomberg) -- USEC Inc.'s stock has 

enriched investors this year, and deductive reasoning alone could 

explain why. 



The Bethesda, Maryland-based company is the largest supplier of 

enriched uranium, the fuel used in nuclear-power plants. And the 

shares of companies providing other types of fuel to power companies, 

such as natural gas and coal, have rallied. 



Natural-gas stocks have risen 50 percent since the beginning of last 

year, as measured by a Standard & Poor's index. This year, coal 

producers such as Massey Energy Co. and Arch Coal Inc. are among the 

U.S. stock market's best performers. 



USEC, once a government-owned company, fits into the latter category. 

The company's stock has almost doubled in price and has ranked among 

the year's 20 best-performing members of the Russell 2000 index, a 

benchmark for shares of smaller companies. 



``It's worth much more than $8,'' said Irving Kahn, chairman of Kahn 

Brothers & Co., an investment firm that owns USEC shares. The stock 

rose above that price about two weeks ago, and closed yesterday at 

$8.59. 



Three Possibilities 



Kahn's judgment reflects decades of experience -- including his 

earlier work as a teaching assistant to Benjamin Graham, the father 

of value investing, at Columbia Business School. 



For him, USEC's advance this year isn't a matter of simple deduction. 

Kahn pointed to a couple of possible explanations, as did others who 

follow the company: 



- -- The likelihood that the company will be able to stop paying above-

market prices for uranium derived from Russian nuclear warheads, 

which it buys under a program known as ``Megatons to Megawatts.'' 



- -- The possibility that USEC, which the federal government took 

public after rejecting takeover offers, will attract suitors again. A 

provision that blocks anyone from owning a stake of more than 10 

percent expires in July. 



In addition, the company stands to benefit from an International 

Trade Commission ruling that imports of enriched uranium from Europe 

are hurting U.S. producers. The decision may lead to imposition of 

duties on the imports. 



Bouncing Back 



``Recently, things have been working out much better'' for USEC, said 

David Schanzer, an analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott LLC with a 

``hold'' rating on the stock. ``We were really looking at a company 

that was back on its heels'' before then, he said. 



Shares of the company, whose name is an acronym for U.S. Enrichment 

Corp., were first sold at $14.25 each in July 1998. Less than 18 

months later, the stock had dropped three-quarters from its original 

price to a low of $3.44. 



Falling uranium prices contributed to the decline. For example, USEC 

said the radioactive metal's price for immediate delivery dropped 22 

percent during its most recent fiscal year, ended last June. 



At the same time, USEC's production costs rose. The company curtailed 

its own output in order to meet obligations under an agreement with 

Techsnabexport Co., controlled by the Russian Ministry for Atomic 

Energy. 



USEC is the U.S. government's agent for the 20-year contract, 

completed in 1994 and valued at $12 billion. The company purchases 

uranium that Russia removes from nuclear warheads and converts for 

power-plant use. It's committed to spending $500 million under the 

program this year. 



Lapsing Restriction 



The company is working toward what it calls a ``market-based pricing 

agreement'' with Techsnabexport for purchases it will make from 2002 

through 2013. As present, it's paying above-market prices for the 

uranium. 



``This time, the people at USEC will have the sense not to have a 

fixed price,'' Kahn said. 



As the negotiations progress, USEC may have to deal with possible 

suitors for the first time since the government's sale. The timing 

reflects what the prospectus for its initial public offering labeled 

as a ``Statutory Acquisition Restriction.'' 



The provision limited the stake that any investor, or group of 

investors, could own in the company for the first three years after 

the sale. By July 23, that period will end. 



Lockheed Martin Corp. is one potential buyer, Janney's Schanzer said. 

Before the government decided on the IPO, the largest U.S. defense 

contractor made a joint offer for the company with BWX Technologies 

Inc. and Carlyle Group, a buyout firm. 



By the `Book' 



In addition, Lockheed Martin managed USEC's two production plants 

before the company took on the job itself in 1999. These facilities 

are in Paducah, Kentucky, and Portsmouth, Ohio; USEC plans to stop 

processing uranium at Portsmouth and to eliminate 526 jobs in a cost-

cutting effort. 



Whether a potential buyer emerges or not, the company can still look 

forward to the U.S. Commerce Department's decision in the trade 

dispute. 



The trade commission asked the department to investigate USEC's 

complaint that European companies are selling uranium in the U.S. at 

prices lower than their costs -- a practice known as ``dumping.'' If 

the department agrees, it can levy duties against Eurodif SA, 

controlled by the French government, and Urenco Ltd., partially owned 

by the Dutch, British and German governments. 



And for value investors such as Kahn, there's always the company's 

``book value'' to consider. Even after USEC's advance this year, its 

price is still below the value of assets such as its plants after 

subtracting debt: $11.70 a share as of Dec. 31. 



As recently as mid-1999, the price exceeded book value. It doesn't 

take deductive reasoning to conclude that it may happen again.

- ------------



Convenience-Store Giant 7-Eleven(R) to Feature Cell-Phone-Radiation 

Device SafeTShield(TM) Nationwide

  

State-of-the-Art Safety Device Arrives in May at World's   



Largest Operator, Franchisor and Licensor of Convenience Stores  



BOCA RATON, Fla., April 11 /PRNewswire/ -- SafeTShield(TM), a state-

of- the-art cell phone radiation-reducing device, will be available 

at participating 7-Eleven stores nationwide in May.  7-Eleven is the 

world's largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience 

stores.  The industry giant offers customers 24-hour convenience, 

seven days a week at more than 5,200 7-Eleven stores in the United 

States.  Pioneers of the convenience store concept, the chain serves 

approximately 6 million customers every day. 



According to Deborah Jenkins, president and CEO of SV1, the company 

that developed SafeTShield, "Everyone at SV1 is extremely 

enthusiastic about being showcased at such an industry giant as 7-

Eleven.  Now consumers who are concerned about potentially serious 

health risks associated with cell phone use can pick-up SafeTShield.  

7-Eleven serves that very hectic consumer who is on the go and on the 

phone -- proving the perfect retail outlet for our customer base to 

grab our invaluable product." 



With 85 million cell phones in the United States alone and some 500 

million worldwide, researchers and consumers have grown increasingly 

concerned about possible long-term health risks associated with 

electromagnetic radiation (EMR).  While many scientists debate 

whether there is a direct link between long-term exposure to EMR and 

brain cancer, an alarming number of cell users are reporting negative 

health effects such as headaches, memory loss, and hearing trouble. 



SafeTShield uses PolyCarbon Metallic Fiber (PCMF(TM)), an advanced 

material previously used for military defense purposes, to reduce 

EMR.  The small, affordable oval-shaped device, which easily attaches 

over the ear piece, significantly reduces the potentially harmful EMR 

from the ear piece of a cellular phone from entering the brain via 

the ear canal.  SafeTShield is one of the most comprehensively tested 

products of its kind in the world and is available at participating 7-

Eleven stores at a suggested retail price of $14.95.



- ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sandy Perle					Tel:(714) 545-0100 / (800) 548-5100   				    	

Director, Technical				Extension 2306 				     	

ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Service		Fax:(714) 668-3149 	                   		    

ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			E-Mail: sandyfl@earthlink.net 				                           

ICN Plaza, 3300 Hyland Avenue  		E-Mail: sperle@icnpharm.com          	          

Costa Mesa, CA 92626



Personal Website: http://sandyfl.nukeworker.net

ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Website: http://www.dosimetry.com



************************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe mailing list. To unsubscribe,

send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text "unsubscribe

radsafe" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail, with no subject line.



------------------------------



End of radsafe-digest V1 #31

****************************



***********************************************************************

You are currently subscribed to the Radsafe digest mailing list. To

unsubscribe, send an e-mail to Majordomo@list.vanderbilt.edu  Put the text

"unsubscribe radsafe-digest" (no quote marks) in the body of the e-mail,

with no subject line.