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Re: Radon - recent articles supporting risk at residential exposures
Mr. Williams -
My comment about 'fishing expeditions' was made in
reference to epidemiologists choosing to look at radon
rather than a factors that are more likely to actually
be causing mortality, such as particulate air
pollution.
I am not swayed by your attempt to turn the language
around.
There was a mathematical proof by Dr. Cohen that
averaged data for counties are valid proxies for
individuals. I have misplaced the citation.
I can easily find a large number of publications that
give consistent epidemiological evidence that
implicates fine particulate matter in increased
mortality.
May I ask you why you are so concerned about
residential radon; but apparently are not focusing
your interests in epidemiology toward a risk factor
that has produced definitive, consistent results that
implicate it in actual mortality? If I were an
epidemiologist who wanted to produce publishable,
rather than null, results concerning _harm_ from an
ecological factor, I would study particulates and
certainly not residential radon.
Below are suggested citations. There is a consistent
pattern among all of them, despite authorship from at
least 6 or 7 different research groups in the U.S. and
two different European countries.
Ruth Sponsler
===============================================================
Borja-Aburto VH, Loomis DP, Bangdiwala SI, Shy CM,
Rascon-Pacheco RA. 1997. Ozone, suspended
particulates, and daily mortality in Mexico City.
Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Feb 1;145(3):258-268.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9012599&dopt=Abstract
Braga AL, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. 2001. The lag
structure between particulate air pollution and
respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 10 US
cities. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 43(11):927-933.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11725331&dopt=Abstract
Cullen, J., and K.T. Bogen. 2001. Historical U.S.
residential coal use and female lung cancer mortality.
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 7(2):369-385.
Daniels MJ, Dominici F, Samet JM, Zeger SL. 2000.
Estimating particulate matter-mortality dose-response
curves and threshold levels: an analysis of daily
time-series for the 20 largest US cities. Am J
Epidemiol. 152(5):397-406.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10981451&dopt=Abstract
Dockery, D.W., and C.A. Pope III. 1994. Acute
respiratory effects of particulate air pollution.
Annual Review of Public Health. 15:107-132.
Goldberg MS, Burnett RT, Bailar JC 3rd, Brook J,
Bonvalot Y, Tamblyn R, Singh R, Valois MF. 2001.
The association between daily mortality and ambient
air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. 1.
Nonaccidental mortality. Environ Res. 86(1):12-25.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11386737&dopt=Abstract
Goldberg MS, Burnett RT, Bailar JC 3rd, Brook J,
Bonvalot Y, Tamblyn R, Singh R, Valois MF, Vincent R.
2001. The association between daily mortality and
ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. 2.
Cause-specific mortality. Environ Res.
86(1):26-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11386738&dopt=Abstract
Greenbaum DS, Bachmann JD, Krewski D, Samet JM, White
R, Wyzga RE. 2001. Particulate air pollution
standards and morbidity and mortality: case study.
Am. J Epidemiol. Dec15;154(12 Suppl):S78-90. No
abstract available.
Jelinkova J, Branis M. 2001. Mortality during winter
smog episodes 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1993 in the Czech
Republic. Int Arch Occup Environ Health.
74(8):565-573.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11768045&dopt=Abstract
Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Le
Tertre A, Monopolis Y, Rossi G, Zmirou D, Ballester F,
Boumghar A, Anderson HR, Wojtyniak B, Paldy A,
Braunstein R, Pekkanen J, Schindler C, Schwartz J.
2001. Confounding and effect modification in the
short-term effects of ambient particles on total
mortality: results from 29 European cities within the
APHEA2 project. Epidemiology. 12(5):521-531.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11505171&dopt=Abstract
Kelsall, J.E., J.M. Samet, S.L. Zegar, and J. Xu.
1997. Air pollution and mortality in Philadelphia,
1974-1998. Amer. J. Epidemiology. 146:750-762.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9366623&dopt=Abstract
Samet JM, Dominici F, Curriero FC, Coursac I, Zeger
SL. 2000. Fine particulate air pollution and
mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994. N. Engl. J.
Med. 343(24):1742-1749.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11114312&dopt=Abstract
Zeger SL, Dominici F, Samet J. 1999.
Harvesting-resistant estimates of air pollution
effects on mortality.
Epidemiology. 1999 Mar;10(2):171-175.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10069254&dopt=Abstract
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