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RE: Letter to the editor



EXCELLENT!  Thank you.  I have sent a copy to many people in our
company.

Sanford Wagner
(phone: 800-251-9750, X. 251)

> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Ruth Weiner [SMTP:rfweine@sandia.gov]
> Sent:	Friday, December 12, 1997 4:27 PM
> To:	Multiple recipients of list
> Subject:	Letter to the editor
> 
> ---------------------------- Forwarded with Changes
> ---------------------------
> From: Ruth Weiner at po821cc2
> Date: 12/12/97 2:03PM
> To: letters@latimes.com at Internet
> Receipt Requested
> Subject: Letter to the editor
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------
> 
>      CORRECTION PLEASE NOTE CORRECTED LETTER BELOW VERY IMPORTANT --
> please 
>      discard preceding letter.
>      
>      Thanks
>      
>      Ruth Weiner
> 
> 
> ______________________________ Forward Header
> __________________________________
> Subject: Letter to the editor
> Author:  Ruth Weiner at po821cc2
> Date:    12/12/97 2:03 PM
> 
> 
>      I sent an attached letter.  In case it was illegible, here is  in
> text 
>      only form.  Thanks for your consideration.
>      
>      
>      Letters to the Editor
>      Los Angeles Times
>      
>      Dear Editor
>      
>      On 11/30/97, your paper carried a commentary on nuclear power by
> Helen 
>      Caldicott, which mixes a little factual information  with a
> multitude 
>      of  distortions, half-truths, and misstatements. I cannot comment
> on 
>      Caldicott's motives, but the distortions and misstatements need
> some 
>      correction.  As an introductory note: the term "very radioactive"
> (or 
>      "highly radioactive")  can be confusing.  The radioactivity of a 
>      substance is essentially inversely proportional to the half-life,
> so 
>      that the shorter the half-life, the higher the radioactivity per
> gram 
>      of radionuclide, and the longer the half-lives, the lower the 
>      radioactivity.  Most isotopes of plutonium (like plutonium-239
> that  
>      Caldicott is so vituperative about) are not in fact"HIGHLY 
>      radioactive," as is reflected in their very long half lives (the
> most 
>      radioactive is Pu-238, half-life 87 years).
>      
>      While it is certainly true that irradiated (spent) nuclear fuel 
>      contains radioactive fission products, including strontium-90 and
> 
>      cesium-137 with 30-year half-lives, virtually all of the fission 
>      products are inside the fuel elements. The vision of airborne
> clouds 
>      of radioactive material that  Caldicott conjures up is a gross 
>      distortion. Nuclear power plants are not atmospheric bomb tests.
> Even 
>      breaches like the Three Mile Island accident did not leak
> strontium-90 
>      into the surrounding environment.  Radioactive material which
> leaks 
>      out of the fuel rods is trapped in a number of ways and does not 
>      disperse randomly into the environment;  the mass of material
> that 
>      leaks during operation is in fact far less than that of the
> gasoline 
>      vapors that you smell when you fill the tank of your car, and
> gasoline 
>      vapor, besides being very flammable, isn't particularly healthy
> to 
>      breathe.
>      
>      Concentration of strontium-90 in bone occurs if the strontium-90
> gets 
>      into the food chain, because it's biochemistry is similar to that
> of 
>      calcium. We know that ionizing radiation is carcinogenic, and we
> can 
>      infer that strontium-90 incorporated into bone can greatly
> increase 
>      the risk of cancer.  Strontium-90 from atmospheric fallout did
> enter 
>      the human food chain in milk and could have increased the cancer
> risk 
>      in children who drank that milk, although there is no documented 
>      correlation with  increased cancers.  However, operating nuclear
> power 
>      plants do not produce atmospheric fallout!
>      
>      Strontium-90 and cesium-137 are radioactive so that after 10 
>      half-lives, or 300 years, 0.1% of the isotope is left, and after
> 20 
>      half-lives, or 600 years, one-millionth of what one started with
> is 
>      left. The amount of activity left after 300 or 600 years depends
> on 
>      the amount one started with.  The phrase ".remain radioactive for
> 600 
>      years." is meaningless; the radioactivity doesn't magically go
> away 
>      after 600 years.  Uranium-238, which is found in virtually all 
>      concrete block, is (to paraphrase Caldicott) radioactive for 49 
>      billion years (10 half lives).  So what?
>      
>      The statements about plutonium are egregious distortions; the
> "even 
>      distribution" is a ludicrously unrealistic scenario, much like
> saying 
>      "if all the gasoline in the world were evenly distributed and
> everyone 
>      drank their share."  If this happened, indeed everyone would die,
> 
>      quickly and very unpleasantly.   On the other hand, if a pound of
> 
>      plutonium-239 were evenly distributed throughout the human
> population 
>      of the earth, each person would carry a body burden less than the
> 
>      normal body burden of radiopotassium.  We don't know what body
> burden 
>      "causes" cancer, and we have considerable evidence that body
> burdens 
>      more than 10 times this amount are not associated with excess
> cancer.
>      
>      Caldicott's doomsday scenarios can be constructed with almost all
> 
>      commonly used household substances (e.g., "if the world's supply
> of 
>      detergent were evenly distributed in food people eat.") and
> ordinary 
>      procedures ("if  everyone in the world had a full dental x-ray
> every 
>      week.").  They amount to pointless hysteria.  We use any number
> of 
>      substances and procedures which, if misused, damage health and
> life: 
>      hot stoves, gasoline and diesel engines, electric toothbrushes,
> oven 
>      cleaner, dry-cleaning fluid ; the list goes on and on.  We know
> how to 
>      use these with reasonable safety, although accidents do happen.
> The 
>      same is true of nuclear power, which is in fact better regulated
> than 
>      most other activities, with consequently fewer accidents.
> Nuclear 
>      power plants are not atomic bombs, just as gasoline engines are
> not 
>      napalm bombs.
>      
>      Nuclear power is a legitimate and useful component of the world's
> 
>      energy conversion network; its benefits and hazards are
> comparable to, 
>      though different from,  those of any other large energy
> conversion 
>      process.  Moreover, nuclear science and engineering have made 
>      considerable progress since the first controlled fission
> experiment in 
>      1944.  Nothing is gained, and no one is benefited, when their
> hazards 
>      are exaggerated, distorted, and simply fabricated as in
> Caldicott's 
>      letter.  
>      
>      
>      Ruth F. Weiner
>      7336 Lew Wallace NE
>      Albuquerque, NM 87109
>      Home phone: 505-856-5011
>      Work phone: 505-844-4791
>      
>      All opinions expressed herein are my own, and do not in any way 
>      represent those of my employer  or anyone else.
>      
>      Please note:  I have been a professor of chemistry and researcher
> in 
>      nuclear chemistry and risk assessment for 35 years, and am a
> co-author 
>      of two environmental engineering textbook series.  
>