R: Universities in Israel

["Pier Giuseppe Ramella" <piramell@tin.it>]

Rafi,
italian regulations descends from Euratom Directives. Regulations extends
from odontoiatric unit to nuclear reactors. Licences are needed above well
defined total activity. So for Sr-90 > 50 MBq, Co-60 > 500 MBq, Cs-137 >
5000 MBq licence is needed.
Same for X-ray: XRD needs a licence, XRF don't.
Risk analysis is performed by Qualified Expert who states what type of
surveillance, classification of working places, classification of workers
is needed to comply with italian regulations.
Note that there are only annual limits of dose equivalent and
responsibility is shared between employer and QE.
A worker is "exposed" if he gets more than 1 millisievert (mSv) or 100
millirem per year.
Regards.
Pier Giuseppe Ramella, Qualified Expert