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RE: NORM by definition -Reply
Uranium-Series Disequilibrium
Application to Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences
Second Edition
M.Ivanovich and R.S. Harmon
Oxford Science Publications
Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP
1992.
This is a very interesting resource, over 900 pages.
We (ORNL/GJ) did a survey in Texas a couple of years ago that demonstrated
natural dis-equilibrium in the uranium-bearing formations there. I do not
recommend assuming secular equilibrium in natural environments.
Hope this helps,
Phil Egidi
ORNL/Grand Junction
7pe@ornl.gov
My opinion only, usual disclaimers apply!
At 09:22 AM 12/11/98 -0600, you wrote:
>Group,
>
>Just a short explanation, what should be interpreted as Bq(total):
>
>Assuming that no Th-232 is present and a secular equilibrium of say 10
>Becquerel for each member of the U-238 series:
>Bq(total) would amount to 14 (number of member of the series) time 10 equals
>140 Bq(total)
>
>Assuming that no Th-232 is present and secular sub-equilibria of say 0.1
>Becquerel for U-238 till Th-230, 10 Bq for Ra-226 till Po-214 and 30 Bq for
>Pb-210 till Po210:
>Bq(total) would amount to 5*0.1+6*10+3*30 = 150.5 Bq(total), (excluding
>any uncertainty in measured values)
>
>So what I really like to obtain is analysis reports (or references to these
>data) showing that there is no secular equilibrium in the naturally
>occurring U-238 and Th-232 decay series.
>
>Kind Regards, Gert Jonkers
>CTAN - Analytical - Nuclear Measurement Techniques
>http://sww.ksla.shell.nl/analytical/skills/nuclearmea/1.html
> Radiotracer applications,
> Gamma-transmission and Neutron BackScatter (NBS) measurements
> Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
> Radiological Protection Advice
>Shell Research and Technology Centre, Amsterdam (SRTCA),
>http://www.srtca.shell.nl/welcome.html
>PO Box 38000, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, the Netherlands
>tel. +31 - 20 - 630 3424
>fax +31 - 20 - 630 2911
>e-mail Gert.G.Jonkers@OPC.Shell.COM
>
>> ----------
>> From: Joelle Key[SMTP:jkey@mail.state.tn.us]
>> Sent: 1998-12-11 15:24
>> To: Multiple recipients of list
>> Subject: NORM by definition -Reply
>>
>> I realize that you do not want to get into a huge discussion about
>> the background information you provided... but I would appreciate
>> a clarification.
>>
>> I have excerpted your statement about limits. Do I understand
>> you correctly that all "non-natural" material is exempted if it
>> contains 100 Bq/g or less?
>>
>> Joelle Key
>> TN DRH
>> jkey@mail.state.tn.us
>>
>> >>> "Jonkers, Gert SIC-CTAN/2"
>> <Gert.G.Jonkers@opc.shell.com> 12/11/98 05:46am >>>
>> ***snip, snip****
>>
>> BACKGROUND:
>> the current Dutch legislations states an exempt limit for 'natural'
>> materials of 500 Bq(total) per gramme material, and 100
>> Bq(total) per gramme
>> for 'non-natural' or 'artificial' materials.
>>
>> ****snip, snip*****
>>
>> Kind Regards, Gert Jonkers
>> CTAN - Analytical - Nuclear Measurement Techniques
>> http://sww.ksla.shell.nl/analytical/skills/nuclearmea/1.html
>> Radiotracer applications,
>> Gamma-transmission and Neutron BackScatter (NBS)
>> measurements
>> Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
>> Radiological Protection Advice
>> Shell Research and Technology Centre, Amsterdam (SRTCA),
>> http://www.srtca.shell.nl/welcome.html
>> PO Box 38000, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, the Netherlands
>> tel. +31 - 20 - 630 3424
>> fax +31 - 20 - 630 2911
>> e-mail Gert.G.Jonkers@OPC.Shell.COM
>> ************************************************************************
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